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IEEE Journal of Quantum Electronics

Optical pumping of the ground-state Zeeman population in CaF2:Tm2+using circularly polarized light

Edward S. Sabisky, Charles H. Anderson

Published Apr 1, 1966• 0 citations
Publisher
DOI
10.1109/jqe.1966.1073785

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The paramagnetic circular dichroism of the $4f\ensuremath{-}5d$ absorption bands of CaF2{\mathrm{F}}_{2}F2​:Tm2+{\mathrm{Tm}}^{2+}Tm2+ was investigated at 2.0\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}K and 9.0kG. Using group theory it is shown that the bands can be separated into E52{E}_{\frac{5}{2}}E25​​ and G32{G}_{\frac{3}{2}}G23​​ character. Experimentally it was found that in this case the bands are primarily G32{G}_{\frac{3}{2}}G23​​ in character. Optical pumping experiments were performed where changes as large as \ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}20% were easily observed in the electron-paramagnetic-resonance absorption signal at XXX-band frequencies and 1.5\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}K by changing the polarization of the pump light from right to left circular. A method for optically monitoring the difference in the population of the two Zeeman components of the ground state is also reported on.
This paper reports an analytical calculation of the populations of the Zeeman sublevels of the cesium atom. We use a circularly polarized laser beam to pump the Cs-cell in the geomagnetic field. Using the approximate form of the optical Bloch equations, we obtain the time evolution functions of the populations of the Zeeman sublevels S1/2(F=4, mF=-4) and P1/2(F=4, mF=-3). The case of the laser detuning of δ=0, by increasing the pumping light intensity, we could enhance populations non-uniform distribution degree of the ground states and improve the pumping efficiency of the cesium atom. It is significant to enhance sensitivity and accuracy of the optically pumped magnetometer.