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Optics Letters

Ultrashort soliton switching based on coherent energy hiding

M. Romagnoli, Stefan W. Wabnitz, L. Zoccolotti

Published Aug 15, 1991• 6 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Coherent coupling between light and atoms may be exploited for conceiving a novel class of all-optical signalprocessing devices without a direct counterpart in the continuous-wave regime. We show that the self-switching of ultrashort soliton pulses on resonance with a transition of doping centers in a slab waveguide directional coupler is based on nonlinear group-velocity (instead of the usual phase-velocity) changes.

DOI
10.1364/ol.16.001249

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Coherent coupling between light and atoms may be exploited for conceiving a novel class of all-optical signalprocessing devices without a direct counterpart in the continuous-wave regime. We show that the self-switching of ultrashort soliton pulses on resonance with a transition of doping centers in a slab waveguide directional coupler is based on nonlinear group-velocity (instead of the usual phase-velocity) changes.
The dynamics of a nonlinear resonant tapered coupler is analyzed by using coupled-mode equations. The constituent waveguides are made of a linear host material doped with resonant impurities. Such a system allows a mechanism for all-optical switching. It is shown that nonlinear exchange between coupled waveguides originates from the group-velocity dependence on the propagating pulse power and/or area. The transmitted signal is always a multiple of the self-induced-transparency fundamental soliton. The dynamics of the pulse tuned or detuned from the resonance and with the inclusion of the material relaxation terms is discussed. In the last section the problem of soliton collision in the coupling region is considered; in this case an initial interpulse phase difference may determine a power-dependent outport switching.
It is well known that there is a bottleneck for nonlinear all-optical switching, namely, the switching power and the switching time cannot be lowered simultaneously. A lower switching power requires a resonator with a high quality (QQQ) factor, but leads to a longer switching time. We propose to overcome this bottleneck by replacing the nonlinear cavity in such an all-optical switch by a white-light cavity. This can be done by doping three-level atoms in the ring resonator and applying incoherent pump and coherent driving fields on it. The white-light cavity possesses broadband resonance in a linear region. Therefore, for the incident pulse, a broad range of frequency components can take part in the nonlinear process, and so it requires lower power to achieve switching compared to the conventional ring resonator. On the other hand, the refractive index of a white-light cavity has negative dispersion, leading to a fast group velocity. This results in a shorter time to build up the resonant response, yielding a short switching time.
Abstract A coherent atomic medium is proposed for manipulating the absorption, dispersion, transmission and reflection of an optical soliton via two strong coherent control field’s Rabi oscillations, detunings and incident angles. Significant anomalous dispersion regions and a negative group index are investigated. A group index of n g = −1500 and a negative group velocity of v g = −2.0 × 10 5 ms −1 is calculated. This leads to superluminal propagation ( v g > c ) in the anomalous dispersion region. A significant cancellation of linear and nonlinear effects results a bright optical soliton in the coherent atomic medium. Similarly the shape-preserving phenomenon of the bright optical solitons is investigated by launching the input pulse at different incident angles. As a result, the intensity distribution of the optical solitons has no fluctuation in time t / τ 0 with any values of y / ω 0 and shows a significant bright form of solitary waves. These solitons show remarkable applications in optics, particularly in soliton radar technology for medical purposes, controlling the intensity of bright solitons for the modification of optical information processing, high-speed optical switching and quantum communication.
We investigate propagation of a slow-light soliton in Λ-type media such as atomic vapours and Bose–Einstein condensates. We show that the group velocity of the soliton monotonically decreases with the intensity of the controlling laser field, which decays exponentially after the laser is switched off. The shock wave of the vanishing controlling field overtakes the slow soliton and stops it, while the optical information is recorded in the medium in the form of spatially localized polarization. In the strongly nonlinear regime we find an explicit exact solution describing the whole process.