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Physical Review A

Width of the electromagnetically induced transparency resonance in atomic vapor

C. Y. Ye, Alexander S. Zibrov

Published Jan 4, 2002• 128 citations
Publisher

Abstract

The width of the electromagnetically induced transparency resonance is studied in rubidium vapor. Nonlinear dependence of the width on drive intensity that is caused by Doppler broadening and optical pumping is found. Density-matrix analysis supports the observed dependence. The discrepancies between experimental data and theoretical prediction are discussed.

DOI
10.1103/physreva.65.023806

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The width of the electromagnetically induced transparency resonance is studied in rubidium vapor. Nonlinear dependence of the width on drive intensity that is caused by Doppler broadening and optical pumping is found. Density-matrix analysis supports the observed dependence. The discrepancies between experimental data and theoretical prediction are discussed.
We observe electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) in Rb vapor at various optical intensities, starting from below saturation to several times the saturation intensity. The observed Lorentzian width of the EIT signal is very small. Solving the time dependant density matrix equation of motion with a phenomenological decay constant, we find an expression suitable in explaining the EIT signal. In this experimental observation and theoretical analysis intensity of EIT signal and its Lorentzian width increases with Rabi frequency of optical field.
We measured the dependence of the linewidth of an electromagnetically induced transparency resonance on the angle between coupling and probe beams in an atomic cesium vapor. We observed that the nonparallelism of the beams contributes strongly to a broadening of the coherent resonance, even for small angles on the order of a few milliradians. A numerical calculation that agrees qualitatively with the experimental results is also presented. We discuss a possible application of the observed effect for performing cold-atom velocimetry.
We derive an analytic expression for the linewidth of electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) resonance in a Doppler-broadened system. It is shown here that for relatively low intensity of the driving field the EIT linewidth is proportional to the square root of intensity and is independent of the Doppler width, similar to the laser-induced line narrowing effect described by Feld and Javan. In the limit of high intensity we recover the usual power-broadening case where the EIT linewidth is proportional to the intensity and inversely proportional to the Doppler width.
Abstract We report the observation of electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) in a six-level Λ -type system in atomic Rb vapor containing both 87 Rb and 85 Rb. The experimental observation includes five velocity selective optically pumped (VSOP) absorption dips for both 87 Rb and 85 Rb. The EIT signal appears on the background of one such VSOP absorption dips. The measured EIT linewidth ( ) shows sub-natural ( ) values for both lower and higher values of pump Rabi-frequencies. The density matrix based theoretical model for the six-level system is developed and solved numerically by taking into account the Doppler broadening. A complete analytical solution (non perturbative) for a three level Λ -type system has been obtained and compared with the experimentally observed sub-natural EIT linewidth. The simulated spectra are in good agreement with the experimental findings.
Abstract Coherent narrow resonances in a homogeneously broadened contour of selective reflection from the interface between a cell window and high-density atomic rubidium vapor, where the dipole broadening greatly exceeds the Doppler width of the unresolved components of rubidium D2 line, are discussed. The formation of coherent resonances is caused by the coherent scattering of probe and pump optical fields from the oscillations of populations of the ground and excited states of atoms at the beat frequency. The width of each resonance depends on the population difference decay rate. Within a simple model conditions are found for observing resonances with a Lorentzian spectral profile. The experimentally recorded coherent resonances are described by a Lorentz function with fitting parameters in the form of amplitude, width, and spectral baseline. In the limit of zero optical saturation the measured half-width of a coherent resonance (HWHM) γres/2π is about 52 MHz, which greatly exceeds the radiative decay rate of the rubidium excited state 5P3/2.