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Journal of Experimental and Theoretical Physics Letters

Interference between spontaneous two-photon radiation from two macroscopic regions

A. V. Burlakov, Давид Николаевич Клышко, S. P. Kulik, Alexander N. Penin, Maria V. Chekhova

Published Jan 1, 1997• 5 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Interference is observed between the spontaneous parametric radiation from two nonlinear crystals separated by a macroscopic air gap and excited in series by a common pump beam. The phase of the interference depends on the phase shifts at three frequencies. A simple quantum model agrees well with the experimental results and makes it possible to interpret the effect in terms of general vacuum fluctuations which give rise to the spontaneous emission of mutually coherent radiation from the two crystals.

DOI
10.1134/1.567323

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Interference is observed between the spontaneous parametric radiation from two nonlinear crystals separated by a macroscopic air gap and excited in series by a common pump beam. The phase of the interference depends on the phase shifts at three frequencies. A simple quantum model agrees well with the experimental results and makes it possible to interpret the effect in terms of general vacuum fluctuations which give rise to the spontaneous emission of mutually coherent radiation from the two crystals.
Two types of interference were observed using two-photon spontaneous parametric radiation from two nonlinear interaction regions. Two experimental setups analogous to the Young and Mach-Zehnder interferometers were used. An interesting feature of the two-photon Young interference is the opposite conditions for its observation by two different methods: by measuring intensity of light at a single frequency and by measuring correlation of intensities at two conjugated frequencies (method of coincidences). Two-photon Mach-Zehnder interference resembles the Ramsey method of separated fields, which is used in beam spectroscopy. A simple macroscopic quantum model agrees well with the experimental results and enables their interpretation in terms of ``biphotons'' carrying information about the pump phase.
[[abstract]]We study the spontaneous emission (SE) spectra of a three-level A-type atom in photonic crystals. The air-band, the dielectric-band and the free-space vacuum reservoirs coupled with the atom are considered. With the consideration of the phase difference between the air-band and the dielectric-band fields, two band reservoirs become coherent and can interfere with each other. This interference effect depends on the embedded position of the atom and the band-gap width and can affect the SE spectrum. The effect of this interference on the SE spectrum is shown.
Quantum interferences in spontaneous emission from a double V-type four-level atom in a double-band photonic crystal have been investigated. The double V-type transitions from the two upper levels to the two lower levels can interact not only with modes near the edges of a double-band photonic band gap, but also with free vacuum modes. The resulting two types of quantum interferences give rise to not only dark lines, but also a narrow spontaneous line in the spectrum from the transition coupled to the free vacuum modes. The dark lines and narrow spontaneous line are shown to be dependent on the width of the forbidden gap, relative position of the upper levels from the band edges, coupling constants, and initial coherent superposition state of the system.
The spontaneous emission of a four-level atom embedded in a one-dimensional photonic crystal is investigated. The atom has two upper levels coupled by the same vacuum modes to a common lower level and is driven by a coherent field to an auxiliary level. Spontaneous emission can be suppressed significantly due to the combinational influences of the interference effect and the band edge effect. The radiation field emitted by the atom is also studied. Spontaneous emission can be modified by controlling the Rabi frequency of the driving.
Although induced coherence is generally associated with induced or stimulated emission, in the process of spontaneous parametric downconversion of light induced coherence can be generated on its own. This is demonstrated in an experiment in which the signal beams from two coherently pumped downconverters come together and interfere whenever the idler beam from the first downconverter (DC1) passes through and is aligned with the second downconverter (DC2). Misaligning the idlers, or blocking the first idler, makes the interference disappear. More generally, the degree of coherence can be controlled by varying the amplitude of the idler from DC1 that reaches DC2. The interpretation of this nonclassical interference is discussed in terms of the interpretation of the wave function or state vector of the emitted photon.