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Japanese Journal of Applied Physics

Possibility of Analyzing the Type of Impurities in Semiconductors by Application of Bistability in Luminescence

B. Ullrich, Kazuhiko Misawa, Takayoshi Kobayashi, Arunas Kazlauskas, Hongbo Cong, P. Chartier

Published Jun 1, 1994• 5 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Besides the well-known phenomenon of bistability in transmission, the excitation of thin ( 5.5 µm) CdS films by the 514.5 nm A r +-laser line generates all-optical bistability in luminescence in the near-infrared region of the spectrum. With the application of this feature, the determination of the type of impurities, donors or acceptors in GaAs is possible. The novel method proposed here underlies the principle that differently contrasting bistable loops in luminescence are clearly observed if n-type, intrinsic or p-type GaAs wafers are used as cut-off filters for the bistable luminescent emission of thin CdS films.

DOI
10.1143/jjap.33.l776

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•Jan 1, 1995•0 citations
Besides the well-known phenomenon of bistability in transmission, the excitation of thin ( 5.5 µm) CdS films by the 514.5 nm A r +-laser line generates all-optical bistability in luminescence in the near-infrared region of the spectrum. With the application of this feature, the determination of the type of impurities, donors or acceptors in GaAs is possible. The novel method proposed here underlies the principle that differently contrasting bistable loops in luminescence are clearly observed if n-type, intrinsic or p-type GaAs wafers are used as cut-off filters for the bistable luminescent emission of thin CdS films.
Recently, we have discovered that the excitation of thin CdS films with the 514.5 nm line causes an all-optical bistable luminescent emission in the near infrared part of the spectrum. A first insight in mechanism and origin of all-optical bistability in luminescence of semiconductors is presented. We show that the initial and final states of the bistable luminescence are determined by the thermal properties of the luminescence intensity of the thin CdS film. However, during the bistable switch of the luminescence thermal effects and electronic ones take place. Thus, all-optical bistability in luminescence is a thermally induced electronic bistability.
All-optical bistability in luminescence of thin (⩽ 10 μm) CdS and CdS: Cu sprayed films on pyrex® was studied in the range of 700-1000 nm. The films were investigated between 80-210 K and excited by the 514.5 nm Ar + - laser line. The measurements were performed in transmission or reflection geometries using a monochromator or cut-off filters, respectively. The pronounced dependence of the luminescence intensity on temperature in the near infrared is found to be the origin of bistability in luminescence. Furthermore, we demonstrate that the loop contrasts depend on the wavelength investigated. By the application of this feature, we present, to the best of our knowledge for the first time, a possibility to measure doping concentrations of a semiconductor with a bistable device. Finally, new concepts are discussed to use luminescence bistability in all-optical or hybrid data links.
All-optical photo-thermal bistabilities in the near infrared luminescence (800 nm) of a thin ( 5.5 µm) spray-pyrolyzed CdS film are studied with the 514.5 nm line of an argon laser. We report the first observation of both dispersive and absorptive luminescence bistabilities in the same CdS film. The temperature dependence of the luminescence intensity and self-focusing are found to be the origins of absorptive and dispersive luminescence bistabilities, respectively. Furthermore, it is demonstrated that the shape of the bistable response of the luminescence depends crucially on the entrance slit width of the monochromator.
First reports of absorptive all-optical bistabilities in reflectance and luminescence of a Fabry-Perot cavity consisting of thin (0.70 ,cem) ZnSe film are presented. We demonstrate that the observation of bistability in the reflected beam does not require necessarily the appearance of bistability in the transmitted beam. Luminescence bistabilities, however, are observed both in the light captured Lrom the incident side 0L the film and in the light emitted from the transmission side. The bistabilities in reflection and luminescence are explained quite satisfactorily by the principle of increasing absorption due to photo-irradiation and the dependence of the luminescence intensity on a photo-thermally induced temperature change, respectively. A11 experiments were carried out at room temperature with the 488 nm line of an argon laser.