The Most Tenuous of Molecules

Jeffrey Huw Williams

Ping Ao

Experimental results of interaction between photon electron as \vell as photon and atom have studied in this paper. Interaction between photon and tenuous gas has been observed. The electron pulse and negative ion pulses have measured.

Jeffrey Huw Williams

N. Poli

Anton Kalinin, Oleg Kornilov, Wieland Schöllkopf +1 more

Small weakly bound boson-fermion $^{4}\mathrm{He}_{m}^{3}\mathrm{He}_{n}$ clusters formed in a free jet expansion are identified using nondestructive transmission grating diffraction. The observations confirm the existence of more than 11 very tenuous complexes including the three-body halo molecule $^{4}\mathrm{He}_{2}^{3}\mathrm{He}$ and the pseudo-Borromean complex $^{4}\mathrm{He}_{2}^{3}\mathrm{He}_{2}$. Effective cluster formation temperatures, extracted from a sudden freeze model for cluster growth using theoretical binding energies, increase smoothly with cluster size, thereby confirming the calculations with the possible exception of $^{4}\mathrm{He}_{2}^{3}\mathrm{He}_{2}$.