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Acta Optica Sinica

Investigation of interaction of photon-electron and photon-atom (or molecule)

Ping Ao

Published Jan 1, 1983• 0 citations
OpenAlex

Abstract

Experimental results of interaction between photon electron as \vell as photon and atom have studied in this paper. Interaction between photon and tenuous gas has been observed. The electron pulse and negative ion pulses have measured.

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Autoionizing states of negative ions in strong resonant laser fields: The negative rubidium ion

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We have performed an experimental study of the atomic system ${\mathrm{Rb}}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}}$, for which the ground state 5${\mathit{s}}^{2}$ is coupled to the autoionizing state 5${\mathit{p}}_{1/2}$6s by means of a strong resonant laser field. The investigations are based on irradiation of ${\mathrm{Rb}}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}}$ with intense (I\ensuremath{\le}1.5\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}${10}^{10}$ W/${\mathrm{cm}}^{2}$) laser pulses of duration \ensuremath{\sim}1 ns. Single-photon detachment of ${\mathrm{Rb}}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}}$ is suppressed due to the Fano interference between transitions directly to the continuum and transitions via the autoionizing state. In contrast, two-photon absorption is at the same time resonantly enhanced since no such destructive interference is present in this process. These observations constitute experimental evidence of general features predicted from theoretical considerations of autoionizing states in strong laser fields. Furthermore, we discuss the role of autoionizing states in multiphoton double-ionization processes. Electron spectroscopy has been used to show that double ionization of ${\mathrm{Rb}}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}}$ primarily is the result of a sequential removal of the two electrons via an excited Rb state. The perspectives for direct two-electron ionization in negative ions are briefly discussed.

Physical Review A•Aug 1, 1994•17 citations

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This article describes the capture of heavy negative particles (μ−, π−, K−, ) by normal atoms, ions and molecules to form exotic systems. Capture by even the hydrogen atom presents great challenges for theoretical treatment. The wide variety of methods used are reviewed, including perturbative, two-state adiabatic and diabatic, time-independent quantum mechanical, time-dependent semiclassical and quantum mechanical and quasi-classical treatments. A few of these methods, as well as the Fermi–Teller model, have also been applied to heavier atomic targets. Most of the methods, other than the quasi-classical formulations, are not yet up to treating the dynamical electron correlation and multiple ionization found to be important in capture by multi-electron atoms, or the vibronic coupling found to be important in capture by simple molecules. The essential elements of potentially more rigorous quantum mechanical theories are characterized. The experimental data on capture states and relative capture probabilities in mixtures are also discussed. The connection of this experimental data to the theoretical capture calculations is fairly tenuous, but forthcoming experiments with antiprotons promise direct tests of some of the recent theoretical findings.

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Special Issue “Interaction of Ionizing Photons with Atomic and Molecular Ions”

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Coherent Control of Absorption and Entanglement via Ultrafast Strong Coupling

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This thesis investigates quantum dynamics induced in atoms by ultrashort pulses of light. The work is motivated by recent developments in free-electron lasers, which generate ultrashort pulses of intense, coherent light and enable coherent control of quantum dynamics. We develop theoretical models to study the processes of absorption and emission in laser-atom interactions. Additionally, we study photoionisation, which creates an ion and an electron, and the entanglement that can be generated between these particles. Finally, we have investigated how the spontaneous decay of the ion induces entanglement transfer from the ion-electron pair to the electron-photon pair.This thesis compiles seven papers. Paper I investigates the absorption of light from an attosecond pulse by an atom in a prepared coherent superposition of states. We show how the evolution of the phase of the superposition wave packet influences the attosecond transient absorption spectra. Paper II predicts the existence of Mollow-like triplets in the absorption spectra of strongly coupled atoms. We establish the conditions for the pulse envelope under which this triplet pattern can be supported.Paper III studies two-photon Rabi oscillations, establishing which systems can sustain such dynamics. We find that a two-photon Rabi oscillating system can induce giant counter-rotating oscillations in the population dynamics, enabling investigations of physical effects beyond the rotating-wave approximation.Paper IV studies ionisation from an atom strongly coupled by a dichromatic field, where interference between the two frequency components shapes the temporal symmetry of the atomic dynamics, allowing for coherent control of the photoelectron distribution.Paper V considers an experiment performed at a Free-Electron Laser facility where a helium atom is ionised and the resulting ion is subsequently strongly coupled. The photoelectron spectra are theoretically reproduced and the entanglement between the ion and photoelectron is studied. Paper VI investigates how the entanglement in the ion--electron pair, generated via photoionisation followed by strong coupling, can be coherently controlled by harnessing the time symmetry of the pulse. We find that the observable manifestation of the entanglement can be altered in such a way that the electron energy becomes associated with the ionic state, allowing the entanglement to be detected via coincidence measurements. Paper VII investigates how quantum correlations between the ion and the electron can be coherently controlled by sequential strong coupling of the ion. We find that both the build-up of entanglement and its manifestation can be controlled, and we establish a quantitative measure of the amplitude entanglement that explains the dynamics in an intuitive way. Paper VIII studies the process of entanglement transfer induced by the spontaneous decay of the ion. We find that the ion--electron entanglement generated during the ultrashort interaction with the laser field is transferred to the electron--photon system over the much longer timescale of fluorescence.

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Wiley eBooks•Apr 27, 1998•2,507 citations
We have performed an experimental study of the atomic system ${\mathrm{Rb}}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}}$, for which the ground state 5s2{\mathit{s}}^{2}s2 is coupled to the autoionizing state 5${\mathit{p}}_{1/2}$6s by means of a strong resonant laser field. The investigations are based on irradiation of ${\mathrm{Rb}}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}}$ with intense (I\ensuremath{\le}1.5\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}1010{10}^{10}1010 W/cm2{\mathrm{cm}}^{2}cm2) laser pulses of duration \ensuremath{\sim}1 ns. Single-photon detachment of ${\mathrm{Rb}}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}}$ is suppressed due to the Fano interference between transitions directly to the continuum and transitions via the autoionizing state. In contrast, two-photon absorption is at the same time resonantly enhanced since no such destructive interference is present in this process. These observations constitute experimental evidence of general features predicted from theoretical considerations of autoionizing states in strong laser fields. Furthermore, we discuss the role of autoionizing states in multiphoton double-ionization processes. Electron spectroscopy has been used to show that double ionization of ${\mathrm{Rb}}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}}$ primarily is the result of a sequential removal of the two electrons via an excited Rb state. The perspectives for direct two-electron ionization in negative ions are briefly discussed.
This article describes the capture of heavy negative particles (μ−, π−, K−, ) by normal atoms, ions and molecules to form exotic systems. Capture by even the hydrogen atom presents great challenges for theoretical treatment. The wide variety of methods used are reviewed, including perturbative, two-state adiabatic and diabatic, time-independent quantum mechanical, time-dependent semiclassical and quantum mechanical and quasi-classical treatments. A few of these methods, as well as the Fermi–Teller model, have also been applied to heavier atomic targets. Most of the methods, other than the quasi-classical formulations, are not yet up to treating the dynamical electron correlation and multiple ionization found to be important in capture by multi-electron atoms, or the vibronic coupling found to be important in capture by simple molecules. The essential elements of potentially more rigorous quantum mechanical theories are characterized. The experimental data on capture states and relative capture probabilities in mixtures are also discussed. The connection of this experimental data to the theoretical capture calculations is fairly tenuous, but forthcoming experiments with antiprotons promise direct tests of some of the recent theoretical findings.
This thesis investigates quantum dynamics induced in atoms by ultrashort pulses of light. The work is motivated by recent developments in free-electron lasers, which generate ultrashort pulses of intense, coherent light and enable coherent control of quantum dynamics. We develop theoretical models to study the processes of absorption and emission in laser-atom interactions. Additionally, we study photoionisation, which creates an ion and an electron, and the entanglement that can be generated between these particles. Finally, we have investigated how the spontaneous decay of the ion induces entanglement transfer from the ion-electron pair to the electron-photon pair.This thesis compiles seven papers. Paper I investigates the absorption of light from an attosecond pulse by an atom in a prepared coherent superposition of states. We show how the evolution of the phase of the superposition wave packet influences the attosecond transient absorption spectra. Paper II predicts the existence of Mollow-like triplets in the absorption spectra of strongly coupled atoms. We establish the conditions for the pulse envelope under which this triplet pattern can be supported.Paper III studies two-photon Rabi oscillations, establishing which systems can sustain such dynamics. We find that a two-photon Rabi oscillating system can induce giant counter-rotating oscillations in the population dynamics, enabling investigations of physical effects beyond the rotating-wave approximation.Paper IV studies ionisation from an atom strongly coupled by a dichromatic field, where interference between the two frequency components shapes the temporal symmetry of the atomic dynamics, allowing for coherent control of the photoelectron distribution.Paper V considers an experiment performed at a Free-Electron Laser facility where a helium atom is ionised and the resulting ion is subsequently strongly coupled. The photoelectron spectra are theoretically reproduced and the entanglement between the ion and photoelectron is studied. Paper VI investigates how the entanglement in the ion--electron pair, generated via photoionisation followed by strong coupling, can be coherently controlled by harnessing the time symmetry of the pulse. We find that the observable manifestation of the entanglement can be altered in such a way that the electron energy becomes associated with the ionic state, allowing the entanglement to be detected via coincidence measurements. Paper VII investigates how quantum correlations between the ion and the electron can be coherently controlled by sequential strong coupling of the ion. We find that both the build-up of entanglement and its manifestation can be controlled, and we establish a quantitative measure of the amplitude entanglement that explains the dynamics in an intuitive way. Paper VIII studies the process of entanglement transfer induced by the spontaneous decay of the ion. We find that the ion--electron entanglement generated during the ultrashort interaction with the laser field is transferred to the electron--photon system over the much longer timescale of fluorescence.