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Physical Review A

Quantum-state mapping between multilevel atoms and cavity light fields

A. S. Parkins, P. Marte, P. Zoller, O. Carnal, Harry J. Kimble

Published Feb 1, 1995• 192 citations
Publisher

Abstract

A scheme for the preparation of Fock states and general superposition states of the electromagnetic field in a cavity is studied in detail. The scheme uses adiabatic passage in a strongly coupled atom-cavity system to ``map'' atomic ground-state Zeeman coherence onto the cavity-mode field. We model photon-counting and homodyne measurements of the field exiting the cavity and demonstrate the possibility of generating and detecting highly nonclassical states of the field parameter values close to currently realizable experimental values. The adiabatic passage process is also reversible, enabling cavity-mode fields to be mapped onto atomic ground-state Zeeman coherence. Application of this property to the measurement of cavity fields is discussed, with particular consideration given to a possible scheme for quantum measurements of the intracavity photon number.

DOI
10.1103/physreva.51.1578

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A scheme for the preparation of Fock states and general superposition states of the electromagnetic field in a cavity is studied in detail. The scheme uses adiabatic passage in a strongly coupled atom-cavity system to ``map'' atomic ground-state Zeeman coherence onto the cavity-mode field. We model photon-counting and homodyne measurements of the field exiting the cavity and demonstrate the possibility of generating and detecting highly nonclassical states of the field parameter values close to currently realizable experimental values. The adiabatic passage process is also reversible, enabling cavity-mode fields to be mapped onto atomic ground-state Zeeman coherence. Application of this property to the measurement of cavity fields is discussed, with particular consideration given to a possible scheme for quantum measurements of the intracavity photon number.
The adiabatic passage scheme for quantum state synthesis, in which atomic Zeeman coherences are mapped to photon states in an optical cavity, is extended to the general case of two degenerate cavity modes with orthogonal polarization. Analytical calculations of the dressed-state structure and Monte Carlo wave-function simulations of the system dynamics show that, for a suitably chosen cavity detuning, it is possible to generate states of photon multiplets that are maximally entangled in polarization. These states display nonclassical correlations of the type described by Greenberger, Horne, and Zeilinger (GHZ). An experimental scheme to realize a GHZ measurement using coincidence detection of the photons escaping from the cavity is proposed. The correlations are found to originate in the dynamics of the adiabatic passage and persist even if cavity decay and GHZ state synthesis compete on the same time scale. Beyond entangled field states, it is also possible to generate entanglement between photons and the atom by using a different atomic transition and initial Zeeman state.
We propose a scheme for the generation of various nonclassical states for a cavity field with a driven atom. In the scheme the atom is sent through the cavity and driven by a classical field. The atom interacts dispersively with the cavity field, which induces photon-number dependent Stark shift. Only for a desired Fock state, the atomic transition is tuned in resonance with the classical field. Thus, the measurement of the atomic transition may directly collapse the cavity field onto the desired Fock state. For a two-mode cavity field, pair coherent states and SU(2) coherent states can be generated.
This paper contains a theoretical treatment of a scheme for determining phase-dependent features of a single mode of quantized light fields in general states. The proposal involves using a three-level atom, in a cascade configuration, as a detector. The cascade atom, which is on two-photon resonance with the field, is prepared in a coherent superposition of the upper and lower levels, and detection involves measuring the probability of the cascade atom being in the upper level. The results depend on the phase difference between the amplitudes for the field being in N and N + 2 photon states in the number state basis, and are important in describing nonclassical states, such as squeezed and Schrödinger cat states. The analysis is based on a standard dressed atom model approach and a Fourier treatment of the measured signal. The experimental possibilities of realizing this scheme are also discussed.