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Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A Accelerators Spectrometers Detectors and Associated Equipment

Very-low-noise multiplexing with SQUIDs and SiGe HBTs for readout of large superconducting bolometer arrays

D. Prêle, G. Klisnick, G. Sou, M. Redon, É. Bréelle, Fabrice Voisin, M. Piat

Published Jun 5, 2007• 5 citations
Publisher
DOI
10.1016/j.nima.2007.05.311

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The development of large superconducting bolometer (Transition Edge Sensor: TES) arrays requires ultra low noise amplification and multiplexing electronics. The use of a first transducer stage such as a SQUID (Superconducting QUantum Interference Device) allows ultimate performance in terms of noise. However, the linearization of the SQUID characteristic requires low noise amplification. Furthermore, to realize a time domain multiplexer with SQUIDs, switched biasing is also needed. We have designed an Integrated Circuit (IC) in standard BiCMOS SiGe technology for the readout and the control of a SQUID multiplexer. It includes a low noise amplifier with multiplexed inputs, switched current sources for SQUIDs, and digital circuit for the addressing with only one room temperature clock signal. We have successfully tested this integrated circuit down to 2 K. To validate the operation of a SQUID multiplexer controlled by this SiGe cryogenic IC, we have developed a 2×2 SQUID hybrid demonstrator. It consists of four commercial SQUIDs connected to a SiGe IC.
The 200-micrometer to 3-mm wavelength range has great astronomical and cosmological significance. Science goals include characterization of the cosmic microwave background, measurement of the Sunyaev-Zel'dovich effect in galaxy clusters, and observations of forming galaxies. Cryogenic bolometers are the most sensitive broadband detectors in this frequency range. Because single bolometer pixels are reaching the photon noise limit for many observations, the development of large arrays will be critical for future science progress. Voltage-biased superconducting bolometers (VSBs) have several advantages compared to other cryogenic bolometers. Their strong negative electrothermal feedback enhances their linearity, speed, and stability. The large noise margin of the SQUID readout enables multiplexed readout schemes, which are necessary for developing large arrays. In this paper, we discuss the development of a large absorber-coupled array, a frequency-domain SQUID readout multiplexer, and an antenna-coupled VSB design.