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Physical Review B

Nonlinear response of radiatively coupled intersubband transitions of quasi-two-dimensional electrons

Tina Shih, Klaus Reimann, Michael Woerner, Thomas Elsaesser, I. Waldmüller, A. Knorr, R. Hey, Klaus Ploog

Published Nov 23, 2005• 65 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Radiative coupling of resonantly excited intersubband transitions in $\mathrm{Ga}\mathrm{As}∕\mathrm{Al}\mathrm{Ga}\mathrm{As}$ multiple quantum wells can have a strong impact on the coherent nonlinear optical response, as is shown by phase and amplitude resolved propagation studies of ultrashort electric field transients. Upon increasing the driving field amplitude, strong radiative coupling leads to a pronounced self-induced absorption, followed by a bleaching due to the onset of delayed Rabi oscillations. A many-particle theory including light propagation effects accounts fully for the experimental results.

DOI
10.1103/physrevb.72.195338

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Radiative coupling of resonantly excited intersubband transitions in GaAs∕AlGaAs\mathrm{Ga}\mathrm{As}∕\mathrm{Al}\mathrm{Ga}\mathrm{As}GaAs∕AlGaAs multiple quantum wells can have a strong impact on the coherent nonlinear optical response, as is shown by phase and amplitude resolved propagation studies of ultrashort electric field transients. Upon increasing the driving field amplitude, strong radiative coupling leads to a pronounced self-induced absorption, followed by a bleaching due to the onset of delayed Rabi oscillations. A many-particle theory including light propagation effects accounts fully for the experimental results.
The dependence of multiple quantum well intersubband Rabi oscillations on the radiative coupling between different quantum wells is investigated. We show that in a highly doped multiple quantum well sample, radiative coupling has a large impact on coherent density oscillations, even stronger than the impact of many-body effects. Specifically, radiative coupling can dominate nonlinear optical response, such as Rabi oscillations of subband populations, yielding distinctively different excitation behaviors in the different wells of a multiple quantum well sample. The magnitude of radiative coupling may be controlled by varying the angle of incidence of the external electric field.
A strong infrared field tuned in resonance with dipole-allowed intersubband transitions in quantum-well conduction bands can act to coherently mix or dress the resonant states. The effects of dressing two excited conduction subbands on the linear response of a weak probe field nearly resonant with one of the excited subbands and the partially occupied ground subband is theoretically treated to arbitrary order in the coupling-field strength. Three critical coupling-field strengths are identified that demark: (i) the minimum coupling required to observe changes in the linear response, (ii) the onset of a resolvable doublet in the response, and (iii) the strong-coupling limit in which the line doubling is fully developed. Analytic expressions for these three critical fields are obtained in terms of the Rabi frequency and the phenomenological damping parameters associated with states in the three subbands.
We investigate the nonlinear propagation of ultrashort pulses on resonant intersubband transitions in multiple semiconductor quantum wells. It is shown that the nonlinearity rooted from electron-electron interactions destroys the condition giving rise to self-induced transparency. However, by adjusting the area of input pulse, we find the signatures of self-induced transmission due to a full Rabi flopping of the electron density, and this phenomenon can be approximately interpreted by the traditional standard area theorem via defining the effective area of input pulse.