The critical behaviour along the coexistence curve of isotropic ferromagnets is characterized by two diverging correlation lengths since longitudinal and transverse fluctuations of the order parameter become critical. Therefore, a critical theory valid for the whole phase diagram has to incorporate the crossover between a region characterized by one correlation length to another region where two different correlation lengths dominate. Treating this crossover problem entirely within the framework of the trajectory integral method. The author has calculated the equation of state and the susceptibilities. It is shown that coexistence behaviour is governed by a coexistence fixed point which is characterized by the vanishing interaction among the Goldstone modes. Taking the coupling of the critical transverse modes to the longitudinal modes into account, it is shown that coexistence behaviour is characterized by a Fisher renormalization. This central result sheds new light on the symmetry-broken phase in isotropic systems. The asymptotic forms of the equation of state and the susceptibilities at the coexistence curve are expressed by the specific heat exponent alpha t =1/2 for d>or=3 and for all spin dimensions. These results are in perfect agreement with the nonlinear sigma -model. The crossover from coexistence curve behaviour to ordinary critical behaviour is calculated for the equation of state and for the susceptibilities to O( in )( in =4-d).
The critical behaviour along the coexistence curve of isotropic ferromagnets is characterized by two diverging correlation lengths since longitudinal and transverse fluctuations of the order parameter become critical. Therefore, a critical theory valid for the whole phase diagram has to incorporate the crossover between a region characterized by one correlation length to another region where two different correlation lengths dominate. Treating this crossover problem entirely within the framework of the trajectory integral method. The author has calculated the equation of state and the susceptibilities. It is shown that coexistence behaviour is governed by a coexistence fixed point which is characterized by the vanishing interaction among the Goldstone modes. Taking the coupling of the critical transverse modes to the longitudinal modes into account, it is shown that coexistence behaviour is characterized by a Fisher renormalization. This central result sheds new light on the symmetry-broken phase in isotropic systems. The asymptotic forms of the equation of state and the susceptibilities at the coexistence curve are expressed by the specific heat exponent alpha t =1/2 for d>or=3 and for all spin dimensions. These results are in perfect agreement with the nonlinear sigma -model. The crossover from coexistence curve behaviour to ordinary critical behaviour is calculated for the equation of state and for the susceptibilities to O( in )( in =4-d).
The critical dynamics of the O(n)-symmetric relaxational models with either nonconserved (model A) or conserved order parameter (model B) are studied below the transition temperature. As a consequence of Goldstone's theorem, the transverse modes are massless, implying infrared divergences in the theory along the entire coexistence curve. These Goldstone singularities can be treated within the field-theoretical formulation of the dynamical renormalization group by using the generalized regularization scheme as introduced by Amit and Goldschmidt, which has already been applied on the statics of the ${\mathrm{\ensuremath{\varphi}}}^{4}$ model below Tc by Lawrie. We extend the formalism in several respects: (i) we generalize it to dynamical phenomena, (ii) taking advantage of the fact that the theory is exactly treatable in the coexistence limit, we do not use the \ensuremath{\epsilon} expansion; (iii) the flow equations are solved numerically, thus allowing for a detailed description of the crossover from the critical isotropic Heisenberg fixed point to the infrared-stable coexistence fixed point. We calculate the static susceptibilities as well as the dynamical correlation functions for models A and B within the complete crossover region, identifying the asymptotic coexistence anomalies and also a pronounced intermediate minimum of the effective critical exponents. Furthermore, the longitudinal dynamical correlation function GL(q,\ensuremath{\omega}) displays an anomalous line shape.
We have investigated the dynamics of the isotropic N-vector model with long-range exchange couplings in random magnetic fields using a 1/N expansion. The leading order is exactly solved, showing the existence of a ferromagnetic phase separated from the disordered paramagnetic phase by a line. The critical behaviour of the system has been examined in the next-to-leading order of the 1/N expansion, showing that the critical exponents are by no means related to the ones of the pure system in d-2 dimensions. The ordered phase has been also investigated in the next-to-leading order, revealing a typical Goldstone behaviour of the non time-persistent part of the transverse fluctuations. For the longitudinal fluctuations, two different types of coexistence singularities emerge, one from the non time-persistent (as in the pure systems), vanishing with the temperature, and a more divergent one from the time-persistent part of the correlation.
In the asymptotic critical region of a ferromagnetic spin system, the magnetic susceptibility χ and the correlation length ξ are related by the power law: χ∼ξ2−η, where η is the correlation function exponent. Somewhat farther from the critical point, but still within the critical region, we expect the behavior to be mean-field in character: χ∼ξ2. We give an exact relationship between χ and ξ in terms of a differential renormalization group approach. The leading behavior in the disordered phase is explicitly calculated for the n-component Wilson-Fisher model to O(ε2), ε≡4−d. The result includes both limiting power laws in a smooth crossover function. For the Ising case, n=1, the relationship is extended to the entire critical region, including the ordered phase. In this case, even in the asymptotic limit, the susceptibility differs from ξ2−η by a factor which depends on the magnetization M. This function is calculated to leading order and correctly gives the associated amplitude ratios to O(ε). Applications to the general p-point vertex function are discussed.
We show that the critical behavior of disordered ferromagnets can be understood in terms of an effective, translational invariant Hamiltonian with renormalized coupling parameters which exhibit a tricritical as well as a critical point. The stable critical fixed point describes the critical behavior of weakly disordered systems, whereas the tricritical fixed point is responsible for the critical behavior of strongly disordered systems at least in the experimentally accessible range of temperature. This necessitates a crossover theory to describe the crossover between these two fixed points and to calculate critical properties as a function of concentration and temperature. In this paper we study the symmetric phase. Susceptibility and specific heat are calculated in scaling form using nonlinear scaling fields to verify that disordered ferromagnets exhibit universal critical behavior. The corresponding effective exponents exhibit nonmonotonous concentration- and temperature-dependent behavior. According to our theory, Fisher-renormalized tricritical behavior dominates in the experimentally accessible temperature range which leads to extreme values of the effective exponents ${\ensuremath{\gamma}}_{\mathrm{eff}}$=2 and ${\ensuremath{\alpha}}_{\mathrm{eff}}$=-1 in the limit of strong dilution. However, in accord with the Harris criterion we verify that the asymptotic behavior (T\ensuremath{\rightarrow}Tc) is not changed by dilution if the critical exponent of the specific heat of the pure system ${\ensuremath{\alpha}}_{\mathrm{pure}<0}$, independent of the value of the concentration.
We extend our previous determinations of nonasymptotic critical behavior of Phys. Rev. B 32, 7209 (1985) and 35, 3585 (1987) to accurate expressions of the complete classical-to-critical crossover (in three-dimensional field theory) in terms of the temperaturelike scaling field (i.e., along the critical isochore) for (1) the correlation length, the susceptibility, and the specific heat in the homogeneous phase for the n-vector model (n=1 to 3) and (2) the spontaneous magnetization (coexistence curve), the susceptibility, and the specific heat in the inhomogeneous phase for the Ising model (n=1). The present calculations include the seventh-loop order of Murray and Nickel and closely account for the up-to-date estimates of universal asymptotic critical quantities (exponents and amplitude combinations) provided by Guida and Zinn-Justin [J. Phys. A 31, 8103 (1998)].
We study the near-equilibrium critical dynamics of the O(3) nonlinear sigma model describing isotropic antiferromagnets with a nonconserved order parameter reversibly coupled to the conserved total magnetization. To calculate response and correlation functions, we set up a description in terms of Langevin stochastic equations of motion, and their corresponding Janssen-De Dominicis response functional. We find that in equilibrium, the dynamics is well-separated from the statics, at least to one-loop order in a perturbative treatment with respect to the static and dynamical nonlinearities. Since the static nonlinear sigma model must be analyzed in a dimensional d=2+ɛ expansion about its lower critical dimension d_{lc}=2, whereas the dynamical mode-coupling terms are governed by the upper critical dimension d_{c}=4, a simultaneous perturbative dimensional expansion is not feasible, and the reversible critical dynamics for this model cannot be accessed at the static critical renormalization group fixed point. However, in the coexistence limit addressing the long-wavelength properties of the low-temperature ordered phase, we can perform an ε=4-d expansion near d_{c}. This yields anomalous scaling features induced by the massless Goldstone modes, namely subdiffusive relaxation for the conserved magnetization density with asymptotic scaling exponent z_{Γ}=d-2, which may be observable in neutron scattering experiments. Intriguingly, if initialized near the critical point, the renormalization group flow for the effective dynamical exponents recovers their universal critical values z_{c}=d/2 in an intermediate crossover region.