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Soviet Journal of Quantum Electronics

Efficiency of wavefront reversal of optical beams in four-wave interactions in a resonant medium

Pavel A Apanasevich, Anatoly A. Afanas'ev, С. П. Жвавый

Published Jul 31, 1980• 7 citations
Publisher

Abstract

An analysis is made of reversal of the phase front of an optical beam in four-wave interaction in a resonant medium. Expressions are obtained for the amplitudes of the signal and reversed beams. It is shown that the reversal coefficient does not depend on the sign of the frequency detuning and may be much greater than unity at pump powers not exceeding the saturation power of the resonance transition.

DOI
10.1070/qe1980v010n07abeh010460

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An analysis is made of reversal of the phase front of an optical beam in four-wave interaction in a resonant medium. Expressions are obtained for the amplitudes of the signal and reversed beams. It is shown that the reversal coefficient does not depend on the sign of the frequency detuning and may be much greater than unity at pump powers not exceeding the saturation power of the resonance transition.
A theoretical analysis is made of the efficiency of wavefront reversal under conditions of a degenerate form of the four-wave interaction in a resonantly absorbing (amplifying) medium allowing for changes in the pump waves as a result of their natural resonant absorption (amplification). The coefficient of reflection into a reversed wave is obtained as a function of the optical thickness of a layer of the medium, the boundary values of the pump wave intensity, and the shift of the field frequency from the line center. The optimal values of these parameters and the corresponding maximum reflection coefficient are determined.
A wavefront reversal system is proposed for high-power optical radiation. This system is based on a resonant four-wave interaction without recourse to external pump waves. Stimulated scattering of the wave being reversed in a resonant medium placed inside a resonator creates two opposite pump waves and a parametric interaction between them generates reversed radiation. The efficiency of such self-reversal is comparable with the efficiency of conventional wavefront reversal as a result of a four-wave interaction in nonresonant media with a phase nonlinearity and it may reach 10 −3 .
An investigation is made of wavefront reversal of optical radiation in a nondegenerate four-wave interaction in a resonant medium. It is shown that for a pump intensity comparable with the saturation intensity of the absorption line of the resonant medium, the reversed wave spectrum has two side peaks positioned symmetrically relative to the central peak which corresponds to a degenerate interaction. These side peaks are attributable to regions of negative absorption (amplification) of weak radiation by the resonant medium situated in a high-power field of opposite pump waves. The dependences of the magnitudes and positions of these peaks on the pump intensity can be used to control the spectral and energy characteristics of the reflected radiation. The conditions for self-excitation of a reversing system based on resonant four-wave interaction are determined. In particular, the ranges of the pump intensity and the optical density of the resonant medium in which self-excitation of the reversing system may occur, are determined for a degenerate interaction.
The two-level approximation is used to make a theoretical analysis of four-wave mixing in the active medium of a laser whose radiation wavefront is to be reversed. Explicit allowance is made for changes in the amplitudes of the pump waves as a result of their amplification during propagation in the active medium. Both the completely degenerate case, when the frequencies of all four waves are the same, and the case of a small detuning of the signal wave frequency relative to the pump waves are considered. For the completely degenerate case a system of reduced equations allowing for saturation of the inversion was solved by computer using an iterative method. It was found that, under optimum conditions in the saturation regime, the power of the wave reflected from a four-wave mixer may be higher than that of the signal wave.
A theoretical analysis is made of the conditions which a resonantly excited medium must have to act as a wavefront-reversing mirror. In the absence of saturation by the incident signal, the absorption cross section at the frequency of this signal should be considerably less than at the reversed-wave frequency. In the case of strong saturation it is preferable to use substances with narrow spectral lines. If a wavefrontreversing mirror is used to compensate distortions of the front of a wave during amplification, the necessary contrast of the reversed wave is a function of the gain and of the width of its profile.