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Journal of the Physical Society of Japan

Collision-Induced Dipole Transitions Associated with High-Lying States. III. Comparison with Theory for Rubidium in Xenon

Kiyoshi Ueda, Yasuo Ashizawa, Kuniya Fukuda

Published Apr 1, 1981• 4 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Photoabsorption method has been applied to Rb-Xe system to observe collision-induced dipole (CID) transitions 5 s - n s ( n =10 and 11), - n d ( n =8 to 16) and - n q ( n =7 to 15), where q stands for the manifold states or l ≥3. Measured shift is almost constant (≃14 cm -1 ) for 5 s - n d , whereas it decreases from 41 to 10 cm -1 for 5 s - n q as n increases. Measured effective oscillator strength per unit xenon density f CID /[Xe] (10 -27 cm 3 ) decreases from 35 to 2 for 5 s - n d and from 64 to 34 for - n q as n increases. The f CID /[Xe] values of rubidium are quantitatively explained by the theory that takes account of the energy dependence of the s -wave amplitude for electron-xenon scattering.

DOI
10.1143/jpsj.50.1330

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Photoabsorption method has been applied to Rb-Xe system to observe collision-induced dipole (CID) transitions 5 s - n s ( n =10 and 11), - n d ( n =8 to 16) and - n q ( n =7 to 15), where q stands for the manifold states or l ≥3. Measured shift is almost constant (≃14 cm -1 ) for 5 s - n d , whereas it decreases from 41 to 10 cm -1 for 5 s - n q as n increases. Measured effective oscillator strength per unit xenon density f CID /[Xe] (10 -27 cm 3 ) decreases from 35 to 2 for 5 s - n d and from 64 to 34 for - n q as n increases. The f CID /[Xe] values of rubidium are quantitatively explained by the theory that takes account of the energy dependence of the s -wave amplitude for electron-xenon scattering.
For rubidium atom perturbed by xenon, absorption measurements have been made to observe collision-incuded dipole transitions 5 s - n s ( n =10 and 11), - n d (8≤ n ≤16) and - n q (7≤ n ≤15), where q stands for the manifold states of l ≥3. The n -dependence of the measured effective oscillator strengths is reproduced well by the approximate calculation using a simple model based on the interaction of a Rydberg electron with a xenon atom, although the calculation gives larger values than the experiment by a factor of about 4.
This paper reports a study of collisions between Rb atoms in ns\mathrm{ns}ns, np\mathrm{np}np, and nd\mathrm{nd}nd states (27< n< 7027<~n<~7027< n< 70) and Xe. The experimental data show that collisions result in transitions from the initial level to states in adjacent high-lll manifolds and that, at the lower values of nnn, there are significant differences in the cross sections for such state-changing processes for ns\mathrm{ns}ns, np\mathrm{np}np, and nd\mathrm{nd}nd states. These differences are discussed with reference to the amount of energy transfer in the collisions, and the data are compared with recent Born-approximation calculations.
Using an isoclinic-point technique, we measured the D1{D}_{1}D1​ collision shift by Xe, $\ensuremath{\partial}[\ensuremath{\delta}\ensuremath{\nu}]/\ensuremath{\partial}P$, and the exponent $\ensuremath{\kappa}$ of the shift's temperature dependence (i.e., $\ensuremath{\delta}\ensuremath{\nu}\ensuremath{\sim}{T}^{\ensuremath{\kappa}}$). As demonstrated in our examination of the Rb-Kr system [N. P. Wells et al., Phys. Rev. A 89, 052516 (2014)], the isoclinic point provides (arguably) the only means of assessing $\ensuremath{\kappa}$ unambiguously: ${\ensuremath{\kappa}}_{\mathrm{Kr}}\phantom{\rule{4pt}{0ex}}=\phantom{\rule{0.16em}{0ex}}0.36\phantom{\rule{0.16em}{0ex}}\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}\phantom{\rule{0.16em}{0ex}}0.06$ and in the present work ${\ensuremath{\kappa}}_{\mathrm{Xe}}\phantom{\rule{4pt}{0ex}}=0.32\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.05$. With our estimate of $\ensuremath{\kappa}$ for the Rb-Kr and Rb-Xe systems, we were able to combine our Kr and Xe collision shift measurements with those of Rotondaro and Perram [M. D. Rotondaro and G. P. Perram, J. Quant. Spectrosc. Radiat. Transfer 57, 497 (1997)] (another set of high quality $\ensuremath{\partial}[\ensuremath{\delta}\ensuremath{\nu}]/\ensuremath{\partial}P$ measurements) to obtain a highly accurate experimental estimate for the D1{D}_{1}D1​ collision shift resulting from Rb's interaction with the heavy noble gases: For the Rb-Kr interaction $\ensuremath{\partial}[\ensuremath{\delta}\ensuremath{\nu}]/\ensuremath{\partial}P{|}_{T=323\phantom{\rule{0.16em}{0ex}}\mathrm{K}}=\ensuremath{-}5.02\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.07\phantom{\rule{0.16em}{0ex}}\mathrm{MHz}/\mathrm{torr}$ and for the Rb-Xe interaction $\ensuremath{\partial}[\ensuremath{\delta}\ensuremath{\nu}]/\ensuremath{\partial}P{|}_{T=323\phantom{\rule{0.16em}{0ex}}\mathrm{K}}=\ensuremath{-}5.46\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.09\phantom{\rule{0.16em}{0ex}}\mathrm{MHz}/\mathrm{torr}$. These measured values for the collision-shift coefficient are approximately 2020%20 smaller (in magnitude) than the best theoretical estimates, suggesting that there is room for theoretical improvement regarding our present understanding of how noble-gas collisions perturb the alkali-metal P1/2{P}_{1/2}P1/2​ state.
The population and deactivation processes of the first excited 2S and 2D levels of alkali atoms have not been the focus of extensive attention to date, since these levels do not have dipole transitions to the 2S ground state, and the only radiative transitions to the 2p resonance level lie in the IR ( 1-3 fLm). We have demonstrated that in the case of potassium it is possible to populate the 32D and 52S levels in socalled optical collisions by laser excitation of the vapor and also by excitation energy transfer (EET) from the laser-excited Kidimers. 1 The lines of the corresponding 4D--->5P (1.529/1.475 f.lm and 6S ---> 5P (1.367/1.324 f.lm) transitions have also been identified in the laser-induced fluorescence of rubidium vapor,2 although the population mechanism of the levels is not examined in the present study. This st~dy will focus on determining the processes that result in the population of the Rb 42D and 62S levels and to determining the rate constants of these1'rocesses. The spectrum of the LGN-402 argon laser-induced fluorescence of Rb vapors was recorded in the IR by cooled Ge photo diodes selected for IR sensitivity and configured along the outlet slit of an MDR-3 monochromator. The synchronous detection method was employed. A FEU-79 photomultiplier was used in the visible range. Details on the experimental setup can be found in Ref. 3. The Rb vapor was excited by various argon laser lines (514.5-476.5 nm), although the 5l4.5-nm line was of primary interest. The C 1 ITu state of the RB2 dimer is not populated by this laser line; its predissociation efficiently populates the 52P resonance levels4 (see Fig. 1). Moreover the 5l4.5-nm laser line is closer in energy to the Rb 5S--->4D quadrupole transition (M= 75 cm-I). In the experiment at an atomic concentration [Rb] _1016 cm-3 the fluorescence lines from the 62S level (2.5 eV) were weaker by a factor of 50 compared to the lines from the 42D level (2.4 eV). A transition to the shorterwavelength laser excitation lines causes a certain increase in the population efficiency of the 4D level, although it also results in a more rapid growth of the population of the 5P resonance level due to the predissociation of Rb2 (C 1IT u ). I. In pure Rb vapors I) the line intensity of the 4D---> 5P transition has a linear relation to the laser excitation power ,(514.5 nm andp 5X 1016 cm-3 can be attributed to the onset of collisional quenching of the RB 4D state ('Trad =90 nsec). 5 So-called opticaJ.collisions lead to the population of the 4D level in these conditions (Aexc = 514.5 nm and no Na impurities)
Gas mixtures with high xenon densities are explored for continuous flow spin-exchange optical pumping. It is shown that the Xe-NMR129 signal increases significantly with increasing xenon partial pressures up to about 200 kPa, despite a decreasing spin-polarization. Comparison of the rubidium infrared D2 emission with the xenon polarization demonstrates that radiation quenching by molecular nitrogen is of no substantial benefit for the pumping process at xenon pressures above 100 kPa. This reflects a diminished importance of spin-depolarization by radiation trapping due to the increased significance of spin-relaxation by rubidium-xenon collisions at high xenon densities. A quantitative expression for this effect is provided.