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Physical Review A

State changing in Rb ( ns , np , nd )-Xe collisions

L. N. Goeller, G. B. McMillian, K. A. Smith, F. B. Dunning

Published Nov 1, 1984• 4 citations
Publisher

Abstract

This paper reports a study of collisions between Rb atoms in $\mathrm{ns}$, $\mathrm{np}$, and $\mathrm{nd}$ states ($27<~n<~70$) and Xe. The experimental data show that collisions result in transitions from the initial level to states in adjacent high-$l$ manifolds and that, at the lower values of $n$, there are significant differences in the cross sections for such state-changing processes for $\mathrm{ns}$, $\mathrm{np}$, and $\mathrm{nd}$ states. These differences are discussed with reference to the amount of energy transfer in the collisions, and the data are compared with recent Born-approximation calculations.

DOI
10.1103/physreva.30.2756

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This paper reports a study of collisions between Rb atoms in ns\mathrm{ns}ns, np\mathrm{np}np, and nd\mathrm{nd}nd states (27< n< 7027<~n<~7027< n< 70) and Xe. The experimental data show that collisions result in transitions from the initial level to states in adjacent high-lll manifolds and that, at the lower values of nnn, there are significant differences in the cross sections for such state-changing processes for ns\mathrm{ns}ns, np\mathrm{np}np, and nd\mathrm{nd}nd states. These differences are discussed with reference to the amount of energy transfer in the collisions, and the data are compared with recent Born-approximation calculations.
This paper reports the measurement of the depopulation cross sections of the Rb(ns) and Rb(nd) states by ND3{\mathrm{ND}}_{3}ND3​ (23\ensuremath{\le}n\ensuremath{\le}50). The experimental data are discussed with reference to previous work done on collisions between Rb(ns) and Rb(nd) states and NH3{\mathrm{NH}}_{3}NH3​.
In thermal-energy collisions between sodium atoms in ns\mathrm{ns}ns or np\mathrm{np}np states (32< n< 5232<~n<~5232< n< 52) and xenon atoms, depopulation of the Rydberg states is observed to occur predominantly through state-changing reactions of the type $\mathrm{Na}(ns or np)+\mathrm{Xe}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}\mathrm{Na}(n\ensuremath{-}1, l>~2)+\mathrm{Xe}$. For the present range of nnn, the measured cross sections increase with nnn and lie between 1500 and 2600 A˚2{\mathrm{\AA{}}}^{2}A˚2 for ns\mathrm{ns}ns states and between 2000 and 4200 A˚2{\mathrm{\AA{}}}^{2}A˚2 for np\mathrm{np}np states. Implications of the data are discussed.
A large enhancement in the resonant collisional energy-transfer process $\mathrm{Na}(\mathrm{ns})+\mathrm{Na}(\mathrm{ns})\ensuremath{\rightarrow}\mathrm{Na}[(n\ensuremath{-}1)p]+\mathrm{Na}(\mathrm{nl})$ or $\mathrm{Na}(\mathrm{ns})+\mathrm{Na}(\mathrm{ns})\ensuremath{\rightarrow}\mathrm{Na}(\mathrm{np})+\mathrm{Na}[(n\ensuremath{-}1)l]$ is observed when the initial ns\mathrm{ns}ns state lies midway between $(n\ensuremath{-}1)p$ and an nl\mathrm{nl}nl state or between np\mathrm{np}np and an $(n\ensuremath{-}1)l$ state. This resonance condition, achieved by the electric field tuning of the levels, leads to large cross sections \ensuremath{\sim} 109{10}^{9}109 A˚2{\mathrm{\AA{}}}^{2}A˚2 and narrow linewidths \ensuremath{\sim} 1 GHz. These cross sections and linewidths are comparable to the previously observed resonant process $\mathrm{Na}(\mathrm{ns})+\mathrm{Na}(\mathrm{ns})\ensuremath{\rightarrow}\mathrm{Na}[(n\ensuremath{-}1)p]+\mathrm{Na}(\mathrm{np})$. We have also observed a similar collisional energy transfer starting from a completely different initial state, i.e., $\mathrm{Na}(15d)+\mathrm{Na}(15d)\ensuremath{\rightarrow}\mathrm{Na}(16f)+\mathrm{Na}(15p)$. In this case the enhancement in the cross section (\ensuremath{\sim} 108{10}^{8}108 A˚2{\mathrm{\AA{}}}^{2}A˚2) is observed at a relatively low electric field \ensuremath{\sim} 17 V/cm.
The cross sections for the quenching of highly excited Rb(nS) (32<or=n<or=45) and Rb(nD) (30<or=n<or=41) states have been measured for the different rare gases. In most cases studied, the quenching cross sections seem rather constant or slightly decreasing with n for a given series and a given rare gas. The experimental data are compared with the results of calculations using various theoretical approaches. It is shown that in this range of large n values the main process responsible for the quenching is the Rydberg-electron-rare-gas interaction, as previously stated for lower n values (10<or=n<or=20).
Inelastic collisional processes in fine-structure-state mixing have been studied by selective stepwise excitation and observation of the resulting fluorescence during collisions of excited rubidium 62D526^{2}D_{\frac{5}{2}}62D25​​ state atoms with various noble-gas atoms. It is shown that for intermediately excited rubidium atoms the fine-structure-state mixing cross sections are generally increasing from helium to xexon. The cross sections for the process $\mathrm{Rb}(6^{2}D_{\frac{5}{2}})+A(n^{1}S_{0})\ensuremath{\rightarrow}\mathrm{Rb}(6^{2}D_{\frac{3}{2}})+A(n^{1}S_{0})+\ensuremath{\Delta}E$ have the values ${\ensuremath{\sigma}}_{\mathrm{fs}}^{*}=2.4\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.9, 3.1\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}1.2, 2.6\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}1.0, 5.8\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}2.2, \mathrm{and} 9.3\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}5.6$ in units of ${10}^{\ensuremath{-}14}$ cm2{\mathrm{cm}}^{2}cm2, where AAA denotes in sequence any one of the noble gas atoms He, Ne, Ar, Kr, and Xe, respectively. Transfer cross sections for the transfer of excited Rb62D6^{2}D62D-state atoms out of the doublet were also determined and are about an order of magnitude smaller than the fine-structure-mixing cross sections.
The mechanisms of nonresonant excitation transfer process in thermal collisions of two rubidium atoms Rb(7S) + Rb(5S) → Rb(5D) + Rb(5S) was studied theoretically, under conditions when the initial and final states of a system of two colliding atoms are not connected with each other by electric multipole transitions. Population processes of Rb 5D states were considered using calculated adiabatic potential curves of the Rb 2 quasimolecule in asymptotic approximation. The calculated cross-sections (σ theor = 5.0 × 10 −15 cm 2 ) are in good agreement with experimental results [σ exp = (8.0 ± 4.0) × 10 −15 cm 2 ] at thermal collision energies ( T ∼ 500 K).