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Journal of the Physical Society of Japan

Collision-Induced Dipole Transitions Associated with Rydberg States of Rubidium in Xenon

Kiyoshi Ueda, Kuniya Fukuda

Published Jul 1, 1980• 2 citations
Publisher

Abstract

For rubidium atom perturbed by xenon, absorption measurements have been made to observe collision-incuded dipole transitions 5 s - n s ( n =10 and 11), - n d (8≤ n ≤16) and - n q (7≤ n ≤15), where q stands for the manifold states of l ≥3. The n -dependence of the measured effective oscillator strengths is reproduced well by the approximate calculation using a simple model based on the interaction of a Rydberg electron with a xenon atom, although the calculation gives larger values than the experiment by a factor of about 4.

DOI
10.1143/jpsj.49.431

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Long-Range Interactions in an Ultracold Rubidium Rydberg Gas

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New phenomena have been observed by exciting ultracold ground-state atoms to Rydberg states. Starting with a dense sample of Rb atoms in a magneto-optical trap, we excite them to high Rydberg states (n = 30 - 90) with a single UV excitation pulse. Long-range molecular resonances with interatomic distances exceeding 104 a0 have been discovered. We have also observed the Rydberg excitation blockade, crucial for the implementation of quantum phase gates using neutral atoms. The physics behind these observations is attributed to the strong long-range van der Waals interactions among the Rydberg atoms. In addition, we have seen dipole (E1) forbidden but quadrupole (E2) allowed 5s → nd transitions, allowing us to determine the E2 oscillator strengths to these high Rydberg states. Our narrow-band UV pulsed laser system, with ∼100 MHz bandwidth, also allows us to measure the ratios of j-dependent oscillator strengths to the p and d Rydberg states. ^

•Jan 1, 2010•0 citations
For rubidium atom perturbed by xenon, absorption measurements have been made to observe collision-incuded dipole transitions 5 s - n s ( n =10 and 11), - n d (8≤ n ≤16) and - n q (7≤ n ≤15), where q stands for the manifold states of l ≥3. The n -dependence of the measured effective oscillator strengths is reproduced well by the approximate calculation using a simple model based on the interaction of a Rydberg electron with a xenon atom, although the calculation gives larger values than the experiment by a factor of about 4.
Photoabsorption method has been applied to Rb-Xe system to observe collision-induced dipole (CID) transitions 5 s - n s ( n =10 and 11), - n d ( n =8 to 16) and - n q ( n =7 to 15), where q stands for the manifold states or l ≥3. Measured shift is almost constant (≃14 cm -1 ) for 5 s - n d , whereas it decreases from 41 to 10 cm -1 for 5 s - n q as n increases. Measured effective oscillator strength per unit xenon density f CID /[Xe] (10 -27 cm 3 ) decreases from 35 to 2 for 5 s - n d and from 64 to 34 for - n q as n increases. The f CID /[Xe] values of rubidium are quantitatively explained by the theory that takes account of the energy dependence of the s -wave amplitude for electron-xenon scattering.
The collision-induced absorption and emission coefficients for electric-dipole forbidden atomic transitions are calculated for weak radiation fields. The approximations used are valid for $\ensuremath{\hbar}\ensuremath{\omega}$ near $\ensuremath{\hbar}{\ensuremath{\omega}}_{0}$, the atomic energy differences. The example case of $S\ensuremath{-}D$ transitions induced by a spherically symmetric perturber (e.g., a noble-gas atom) is treated in detail and compared to measurements. The case of "radiative collisions," in which both colliding atoms change their state, is included in the theory and is also compared to experiment.
Total depopulation cross sections of Rb(ns) and Rb(nd) levels by collisions with NH3{\mathrm{NH}}_{3}NH3​ have been measured over a wide range of n values (24\ensuremath{\le}n\ensuremath{\le}49). The analysis of the n-dependent behavior of the cross sections reveals that NH3{\mathrm{NH}}_{3}NH3​ inversion can produce a very efficient l-mixing process via a quasiresonant mechanism. This behavior appears qualitatively well described by theoretical calculations based on the impulse approximation (IA). A quantitative comparison between theory and experiment appears difficult, but it seems that the IA should provide reasonable estimates (within a factor of 4), though its use for large dipole moment (1.47 D for NH3{\mathrm{NH}}_{3}NH3​) is questionable from a theoretical point of view.
We report the observation of dipole-forbidden, but quadrupole-allowed, one-photon transitions to high-Rydberg states in Rb. Using pulsed uv excitation of ultracold atoms in a magneto-optical trap, we excite $5s\ensuremath{\rightarrow}nd$ transitions over a range of principal quantum numbers n=27−−59n=27--59n=27−−59. Compared to dipole-allowed (E1) transitions from $5s\ensuremath{\rightarrow}np$, these E2 transitions are weaker by a factor of approximately 2000. We also report measurements of the anomalous np3/2:np1/2n{p}_{3/2}:n{p}_{1/2}np3/2​:np1/2​ fine-structure transition strength ratio for n=28−−75n=28--75n=28−−75. Both results are in agreement with theoretical predictions.
New phenomena have been observed by exciting ultracold ground-state atoms to Rydberg states. Starting with a dense sample of Rb atoms in a magneto-optical trap, we excite them to high Rydberg states (n = 30 - 90) with a single UV excitation pulse. Long-range molecular resonances with interatomic distances exceeding 104 a0 have been discovered. We have also observed the Rydberg excitation blockade, crucial for the implementation of quantum phase gates using neutral atoms. The physics behind these observations is attributed to the strong long-range van der Waals interactions among the Rydberg atoms. In addition, we have seen dipole (E1) forbidden but quadrupole (E2) allowed 5s → nd transitions, allowing us to determine the E2 oscillator strengths to these high Rydberg states. Our narrow-band UV pulsed laser system, with ∼100 MHz bandwidth, also allows us to measure the ratios of j-dependent oscillator strengths to the p and d Rydberg states. ^