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Physical review. B, Condensed matter

Resonant heat transport through a Luttinger liquid

Ilya V. Krive

Published May 15, 1999• 9 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Thermal transport through one-dimensional systems of strongly interacting electrons is studied in two cases: (i) a finite Luttinger liquid (LL) wire containing a strong impurity, and (ii) a LL ring connected by quantum wires to noninteracting electron reservoirs. It is shown that, for (i), a temperature-induced resonant transport takes place under certain conditions. In case (ii) the heat conductance under resonance conditions does not depend on the electron-electron interaction and the system thermal conductance coincides with the maximal Fermi-liquid thermal value.

DOI
10.1103/physrevb.59.12338

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Thermal transport through one-dimensional systems of strongly interacting electrons is studied in two cases: (i) a finite Luttinger liquid (LL) wire containing a strong impurity, and (ii) a LL ring connected by quantum wires to noninteracting electron reservoirs. It is shown that, for (i), a temperature-induced resonant transport takes place under certain conditions. In case (ii) the heat conductance under resonance conditions does not depend on the electron-electron interaction and the system thermal conductance coincides with the maximal Fermi-liquid thermal value.
We study thermal transport in a one-dimensional (1D) interacting electron gas, employing the Luttinger liquid model. Both thermal conductance and thermopower are analyzed for a pure 1D gas and with impurities. The universal ratio of electrical to thermal conductance in a Fermi liquid---the Wiedemann-Franz law---is modified, whereas the thermopower is still linear in temperature. For a single impurity the Lorentz number is given by $L(T\ensuremath{\rightarrow}0){\phantom{\rule{0ex}{0ex}}=\phantom{\rule{0ex}{0ex}}3L}_{0}/({2g+g}^{2})$---with L0{L}_{0}L0​ the Fermi liquid value---and the conductance 1/2<g<11/2<g<11/2<g<1. For g<1/2g<1/2g<1/2 the Lorentz number diverges as $T\ensuremath{\rightarrow}0$. Possible relevance to thermal transport in conducting polymer systems is discussed.
We theoretically investigate transport in a spin-incoherent one-dimensional electron system, which may be realized in quantum wires at low-electron density and finite temperature. Both the pure and disordered cases are considered, both in finite wires and in the thermodynamic limit. The effect of Fermi-liquid leads attached to the finite-length system is also addressed. In the infinite system, we find a phase diagram identical to that obtained for a spinless Luttinger liquid, provided we make the identification g=2gcg=2{g}_{c}g=2gc​, where ggg is the interaction parameter in a spinless Luttinger liquid and gc{g}_{c}gc​ is the interaction parameter of the charge sector of a Luttinger-liquid theory for electrons with spin. For a finite-length wire attached to Fermi-liquid leads, the transport depends on the details of the disorder in the wire. A simple picture for the crossover from the spin-incoherent regime to the spin-coherent regime as the temperature is varied is also discussed, as well as some physical implications.
We study electronic transport through a one-dimensional, finite-length quantum wire of correlated electrons (Luttinger liquid) coupled at arbitrary position via tunnel barriers to two semi-infinite, one-dimensional as well as stripe-like (two-dimensional) leads, thereby bringing theory closer towards systems resembling set-ups realized in experiments. In particular, we compute the temperature dependence of the linear conductance G of a system without bulk impurities on the temperature T. The appearance of new temperature scales introduced by the lengths of overhanging parts of the leads and the wire implies a G(T) which is much more complex than the power-law behavior described so far for end-coupled wires. Depending on the precise set-up the wide temperature regime of power-law scaling found in the end-coupled case is broken up into up to five fairly narrow regimes interrupted by extended crossover regions. Our results can be used to optimize the experimental set-ups designed for a verification of Luttinger liquid power-law scaling.
Properties of one-dimensional (1D) transport strongly depend on the proper choice of boundary conditions. It has been frequently stated that the Luttinger-liquid (LL) conductance is renormalized by the interaction as ge2{ge}^{2}ge2/h. To contest this result I develop a model of 1D LL wire with the interaction switching off at the infinities. Its solution shows that there is no renormalization of the universal conductance while the electrons have a free behavior in the source and drain reservoirs.
Theoretical studies suggest that an interacting one-dimensional electron system does not behave as a Fermi liquid. Instead, it is predicted to form a Luttinger liquid characterized e.g. by the absence of fermionic quasiparticles and interaction-dependent power-laws for transport quantities. So far, however, only a limited number of experiments have provided evidence for Luttinger liquid behavior. In this thesis we consider alternative methods to detect electronic correlations in one-dimensional electron systems based on our calculations of persistent currents and quantization of charge in ballistic single channel rings. The persistent current in an isolated impurity-free Luttinger liquid ring is found to be the same as for a system of non-interacting electrons. In contrast, a Luttinger liquid behavior is revealed if the ring is weakly connected to an electron reservoir and capacitively coupled to a gate electrode. The persistent current and the average charge in the ring are shown to change in a stepwise manner with the gate voltage at low temperatures. Both the step positions and the crossover temperatures are determined by the Luttinger liquid correlation parameter .alpha.(.alpha.c) which therefore can be measured. When a potential barrier is incorporated into the ring, the presence of strong interactions between electrons leads to a suppression of the persistent current and a change in its temperature dependence. A sharp maximum of the current is predicted to occur as a function of temperature. When two barriers are introduced into the ring, the possibility of resonant tunneling for the persistent current opens up. Two kinds of resonant behavior are discovered in the closed geometry: a current independent of the barrier transparency and a current analogous to the one with a single potential barrier. The persistent current in a ring containing a gas of fractionally charged excitations obeying fractional exclusion statistics is also studied. At finite temperatures, anomalous oscillations of the current are predicted as a manifestation of the statistics of the quasiparticles.
We study the transport properties of long quantum wires by generalizing the Luttinger liquid approach to allow for the finite lifetime of the bosonic excitations. Our theory accounts for long-range disorder and strong electron interactions, both of which are common features of experiments with quantum wires. We obtain the electrical and thermal resistances and thermoelectric properties of such quantum wires and find a strong deviation from perfect conductance quantization. We cast our results in terms of the thermal conductivity and bulk viscosity of the electron liquid and give the temperature scale above which the transport can be described by classical hydrodynamics.