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Soviet Journal of Quantum Electronics

Efficient parametric sum-frequency generation by noncoherent two-photon pumping of metal vapors

Andrey V Aleksandrov, S. A. Pleshanov, Vladimir S Solomatin

Published Oct 31, 1982• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Four-photon parametric sum-frequency generation in a randomly modulated (noncoherent) pump field was investigated, and an expression obtained for the quantum conversion efficiency. It was found experimentally that on broadening the pump line by a factor of 20–30 (lowering the spectral density by a factor of 10–20) the quantum conversion efficiency for 9.27 μ radiation in sodium vapor reached 35%, exceeding that for the case of quasimonochromatic pumping.

DOI
10.1070/qe1982v012n10abeh006052

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A theoretical investigation is made of the influence of various effects on four-photon parametric upconversion in metal vapors: saturation, one-photon absorption of output radiation, two-photon depletion of pump radiation, wave detuning, and dispersion of the group velocities of the interacting waves. Estimates indicate that the simultaneous influence of all these effects can ensure a fairly efficient up-conversion of noise pump radiation, compared with the monochromatic case. The results agree well with the experimental results obtained in a study of conversion of tunable CO2 laser radiation in sodium vapor.

Soviet Journal of Quantum Electronics•Oct 31, 1983•0 citations
Four-photon parametric sum-frequency generation in a randomly modulated (noncoherent) pump field was investigated, and an expression obtained for the quantum conversion efficiency. It was found experimentally that on broadening the pump line by a factor of 20–30 (lowering the spectral density by a factor of 10–20) the quantum conversion efficiency for 9.27 μ radiation in sodium vapor reached 35%, exceeding that for the case of quasimonochromatic pumping.
An experimental investigation was made of the use of noise pumping in four-photon resonant parametric sum-frequency generation in potassium vapor. A two-photon resonance with the 9S1/2 and 7D3/2,5/2 levels and a one-photon resonance with the 10P1/2,3/2 and 11P1/2,3/2 levels were used. A comparison was made with the case of coherent pumping and it was found that, under conditions of strong dispersion and wave mismatch, the efficiency of the process using noise pumping differs negligibly from the efficiency using coherent pumping although the spectral density of the coherent pump is substantially higher than that of the noise pump.
A study was made of the dependences of the efficiency of resonant parametric frequency conversion in sodium vapor on the infrared radiation wavelength, vapor density, and detuning from two-photon pump resonance. It was found in this conversion system that for each infrared wave the conversion efficiency had three maxima on tuning the frequency of two-photon pumping over the region of a forbidden transition. The principal maximum was realized for accurate two-photon resonance, and the two other maxima resulted from a rise in the cubic susceptibility close to single-photon sum-frequency resonances. A quantum efficiency of 35% was achieved for a 9.26 μ infrared wave.
In this paper, we reveal that some kinds of optical nonlinearities are further enhanced when incoherent light, instead of a laser, is used as a pump light. This idea was confirmed both theoretically and experimentally in the case of sum-frequency generation (SFG) using the optical second nonlinearity. The conversion efficiency of the SFG with incoherent light pumping increased as the bandwidth of the incoherent pump light decreased, finally reaching twice the conversion efficiency of conventional second harmonic generation (SHG) by laser pumping. This method dramatically relaxes the severe requirements of phase matching in the nonlinear optical process. The conversion efficiency became less sensitive to misalignment of the wavelength of pump light and also of device operation temperature when the bandwidth of the incoherent pump light was sufficiently broad, although the improvement of the conversion efficiency had an inverse relationship with the insensitivity to the phase-matching condition. The temperature tuning range was enhanced by more than two orders of magnitude in comparison with the conventional SHG method. As an example of a promising application of this new idea, we performed the generation of quantum entangled photon-pairs using cascaded optical nonlinearities (SFG and the subsequent spontaneous parametric down conversion) in a single periodically poled LiNbO3 waveguide device, in which the incoherent light was used as the pump source for both the parametric processes. We have achieved high fidelity exceeding 99% in quantum-state tomography experiments.
Four-photon parametric up-conversion of a weak infrared signal under conditions of two-photon resonance of a constant nonmonochromatic pump field is analyzed allowing for population migration, transient response of the medium, Stark shift of the levels, and width of the pump frequency spectrum. It is found that under steady-state conversion conditions in a nonmonochromatic pump field, it is possible to achieve an average conversion efficiency differing only negligibly from the maximum conversion efficiency in a monochromatic pump field. An analysis is made of the influence of optically induced relaxation on the average conversion efficiency in the transient regime. Numerical estimates are made of the transition parameters for an alkali metal vapor in a frequency-degenerate pump field exciting a two-photon transition.
A theoretical investigation is made of the influence of various effects on four-photon parametric upconversion in metal vapors: saturation, one-photon absorption of output radiation, two-photon depletion of pump radiation, wave detuning, and dispersion of the group velocities of the interacting waves. Estimates indicate that the simultaneous influence of all these effects can ensure a fairly efficient up-conversion of noise pump radiation, compared with the monochromatic case. The results agree well with the experimental results obtained in a study of conversion of tunable CO2 laser radiation in sodium vapor.