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Physical Review B

Highly detuned Rabi oscillations for a quantum dot in a microcavity

Alexander Carmele, Julia Kabuß, Weng W. Chow

Published Jan 22, 2013• 7 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Pronounced Rabi oscillations at large detunings are predicted for a system consisting of a semiconductor quantum dot in a microcavity. Besides an anticrossing at zero detuning, two additional anticrossings are possible at microcavity detunings of one longitudinal-optical-phonon frequency below and above the quantum-dot resonance. These phonon-assisted Rabi oscillations generally exhibit complex spectral features. The investigation is performed with a quantum-electrodynamical model, where the phonon reservoir effects are treated beyond the customary Markov, second-order Born approximation.

DOI
10.1103/physrevb.87.041305

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Pronounced Rabi oscillations at large detunings are predicted for a system consisting of a semiconductor quantum dot in a microcavity. Besides an anticrossing at zero detuning, two additional anticrossings are possible at microcavity detunings of one longitudinal-optical-phonon frequency below and above the quantum-dot resonance. These phonon-assisted Rabi oscillations generally exhibit complex spectral features. The investigation is performed with a quantum-electrodynamical model, where the phonon reservoir effects are treated beyond the customary Markov, second-order Born approximation.
The eect of acoustic phonons on dierent light-induced excitations of a semiconductor quantum dot is investigated.Resonant excitation of the quantum dot leads to the Rabi oscillations, which are damped due to the phonon interaction.When the excitation frequency is detuned, an occupation can only occur due to phonon absorption or emission processes.For frequency-swept excitations a population inversion is achieved through adiabatic rapid passage, but the inversion is also damped by phonons.For all three scenarios the inuence of the phonons depends non-monotonically on the pulse area.
We show that the interaction between carriers confined in a quantum dot and the surrounding lattice under external driving of carrier dynamics has a dynamical, resonant character. The quality of Rabi oscillations in such a system depends on the relation between nonlinear spectral characteristics of the driven dynamics and the spectral density of effectively coupled lattice modes (phonon frequencies and density of states). For a large number of Rabi oscillations within a fixed time (allowed by, e.g., exciton recombination) the spectrum of the dynamics extends towards high frequencies, coming into resonance with acoustic and optical phonons. Thus, this resonant lattice response strongly restricts the possibility of fully coherent control over the charge state in a quantum dot.
Electron-phonon interaction is a major source of optical dephasing in semiconductor quantum dots. Within a density matrix theory the electron-phonon interaction is considered up to the second order of a correlation expansion, allowing the calculation of the quantum kinetic dephasing dynamics of optically induced nonlinearities in GaAs quantum dots for arbitrary pulse strengths and shapes. We find Rabi oscillations renormalized and a damping that depends on the input pulse strength, a behavior not known from exponential dephasing mechanisms.
The excitonic dynamics in a single quantum dot within a microcavity is investigated theoretically in terms of the perturbation treatment based on a unitary transformation. The excitonic Rabi oscillations with a damping rate are obtained explicitly. It is shown that the damping rate depends on exciton-phonon coupling constant and the vacuum Rabi frequency. Even at absolute zero temperature and in the vacuum cavity, the exciton-phonon interaction and exciton-photon interaction still cause excitonic decoherence. We also predict that under strong control fields the collapse and revival of excitonic Rabi oscillation may be observed for the quantum dots with small exciton-phonon coupling in the $T\ensuremath{\rightarrow}0$ limit.
For a single semiconductor quantum dot embedded in a microcavity, we theoretically and experimentally investigate phonon-assisted transitions between excitons and the cavity mode. Within the framework of the independent boson model we find that such transitions can be very efficient, even for relatively large exciton-cavity detunings of several millielectron volts. Furthermore, we predict a strong detuning asymmetry for the exciton lifetime that vanishes for elevated lattice temperature. Our findings are corroborated by experiment, which turns out to be in good quantitative and qualitative agreement with theory.
The effect of strong exciton-phonon interaction on the excitonic Rabi oscillations in a coherently driven quantum dot in a high-Q single mode cavity is investigated theoretically. We show that the Rabi oscillation of exciton dressed by phonons can persists with the Rabi frequency ge -λ/2 at absolute zero temperature, where g is the single-photon Rabi frequency and λ is the Huang-Rhys factor. The results also present that such coherent oscillations can be modified by manipulating the Rabi frequency of the driving field.