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Physical Review B

Excitonic dynamics in a single quantum dot within a microcavity

Ka‐Di Zhu, Zhuo-Jie Wu, Xiao-Zhong Yuan, Hang Zheng

Published Jun 10, 2005• 17 citations
Publisher

Abstract

The excitonic dynamics in a single quantum dot within a microcavity is investigated theoretically in terms of the perturbation treatment based on a unitary transformation. The excitonic Rabi oscillations with a damping rate are obtained explicitly. It is shown that the damping rate depends on exciton-phonon coupling constant and the vacuum Rabi frequency. Even at absolute zero temperature and in the vacuum cavity, the exciton-phonon interaction and exciton-photon interaction still cause excitonic decoherence. We also predict that under strong control fields the collapse and revival of excitonic Rabi oscillation may be observed for the quantum dots with small exciton-phonon coupling in the $T\ensuremath{\rightarrow}0$ limit.

DOI
10.1103/physrevb.71.235312

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The excitonic dynamics in a single quantum dot within a microcavity is investigated theoretically in terms of the perturbation treatment based on a unitary transformation. The excitonic Rabi oscillations with a damping rate are obtained explicitly. It is shown that the damping rate depends on exciton-phonon coupling constant and the vacuum Rabi frequency. Even at absolute zero temperature and in the vacuum cavity, the exciton-phonon interaction and exciton-photon interaction still cause excitonic decoherence. We also predict that under strong control fields the collapse and revival of excitonic Rabi oscillation may be observed for the quantum dots with small exciton-phonon coupling in the T\ensuremath→0T\ensuremath{\rightarrow}0T\ensuremath→0 limit.
The effect of strong exciton-phonon interaction on the excitonic Rabi oscillations in a coherently driven quantum dot in a high-Q single mode cavity is investigated theoretically. We show that the Rabi oscillation of exciton dressed by phonons can persists with the Rabi frequency ge -λ/2 at absolute zero temperature, where g is the single-photon Rabi frequency and λ is the Huang-Rhys factor. The results also present that such coherent oscillations can be modified by manipulating the Rabi frequency of the driving field.
A microscopic theory to study the combined dynamics of a quantum dot exciton coupled to a single cavity mode as well as acoustic phonons is presented. By considering the phonon subsystem in the coherent state representation, the phonon’s impact on the emitted photons is investigated. The single photon emission probability and phonon effects on this quantity are studied. On the other hand, we illustrate that while a quantum dot interacts with a single cavity mode, the collapse and revival phenomenon will occur. It is demonstrated that acoustic phonons have a pronounced impact on the collapse and revival of the quantum dot exciton. Our finding reveals that at elevated temperatures the phonon interaction decreases the Rabi frequency. Moreover, the cavity mode possesses non-classical features such as sub-Poissonian statistics.
We develop a theory of exciton energy transfer dynamics between two quantum dots in a planar microcavity. We study the dynamics of quantum dot excitons in three different cases: (i) a single dot coupled only to cavity modes, (ii) two dots coupled to cavity modes, and (iii) two dots coupled to cavity modes and to acoustic phonons. In the latter case, we focus on the process of phonon-assisted inelastic exciton energy transfer between the quantum dots. We take into account phonon effects by introducing a light-matter Hamiltonian with operators describing the exciton-photon-phonon coupling and we truncate the Hilbert space by assuming that at most one excitation is present in the system. Using this approach we simulate the exciton dynamics with realistic parameters in the zero temperature limit. From the dynamics we extract the dependence of the characteristic energy transfer rate as a function of the interdot separation. This theoretical approach can be used to optimize exciton energy transfer by designing structures with engineered photon and phonon density of states.
We present a numerically complete study of the combined dynamics of a quantum dot exciton coupled to a single quantized cavity mode and a continuum of acoustic phonons. We demonstrate that acoustic phonons have a pronounced impact on effects characteristic of the strong light-matter coupling regime, such as vacuum Rabi oscillations and collapse and revival scenarios. This impact is considerable already at zero temperature, where initially no phonons are present. Counterintuitively it is found that an increase of the light-matter coupling does not necessarily enhance the visibility of strong-coupling effects. In fact, for typical experimental situations, a stronger light-matter coupling will considerably reduce the visibility.