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Chinese Physics Letters

Rabi Oscillation of Exciton Dressed by Phonons In a Quantum Dot

Wai-Sang Li, Zhu Ka-Di

Published Aug 29, 2003• 4 citations
Publisher

Abstract

The effect of strong exciton-phonon interaction on the excitonic Rabi oscillations in a coherently driven quantum dot in a high-Q single mode cavity is investigated theoretically. We show that the Rabi oscillation of exciton dressed by phonons can persists with the Rabi frequency ge -λ/2 at absolute zero temperature, where g is the single-photon Rabi frequency and λ is the Huang-Rhys factor. The results also present that such coherent oscillations can be modified by manipulating the Rabi frequency of the driving field.

DOI
10.1088/0256-307x/20/9/346

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The effect of strong exciton-phonon interaction on the excitonic Rabi oscillations in a coherently driven quantum dot in a high-Q single mode cavity is investigated theoretically. We show that the Rabi oscillation of exciton dressed by phonons can persists with the Rabi frequency ge -λ/2 at absolute zero temperature, where g is the single-photon Rabi frequency and λ is the Huang-Rhys factor. The results also present that such coherent oscillations can be modified by manipulating the Rabi frequency of the driving field.
The excitonic dynamics in a single quantum dot within a microcavity is investigated theoretically in terms of the perturbation treatment based on a unitary transformation. The excitonic Rabi oscillations with a damping rate are obtained explicitly. It is shown that the damping rate depends on exciton-phonon coupling constant and the vacuum Rabi frequency. Even at absolute zero temperature and in the vacuum cavity, the exciton-phonon interaction and exciton-photon interaction still cause excitonic decoherence. We also predict that under strong control fields the collapse and revival of excitonic Rabi oscillation may be observed for the quantum dots with small exciton-phonon coupling in the $T\ensuremath{\rightarrow}0$ limit.
While the advanced coherent control of qubits is now routinely carried out in low frequency (GHz) systems like single spins, it is far more challenging to achieve for two-level systems in the optical domain. This is because the latter evolve typically in the THz range, calling for tools of ultrafast, coherent, nonlinear optics. Using four-wave mixing micro-spectroscopy, we here measure the optically driven dynamics of a single exciton quantum state confined in a semiconductor quantum dot. In a combined experimental and theoretical approach, we reveal the intrinsic Rabi oscillation dynamics by monitoring both central exciton quantities, i.e., its occupation and the microscopic coherence, as resolved by the four-wave mixing technique. In the frequency domain this oscillation generates the Autler-Townes splitting of the light-exciton dressed states, directly seen in the four-wave mixing spectra. We further demonstrate that the coupling to acoustic phonons strongly influences the FWM dynamics on the picosecond timescale, because it leads to transitions between the dressed states.
A microscopic theory to study the combined dynamics of a quantum dot exciton coupled to a single cavity mode as well as acoustic phonons is presented. By considering the phonon subsystem in the coherent state representation, the phonon’s impact on the emitted photons is investigated. The single photon emission probability and phonon effects on this quantity are studied. On the other hand, we illustrate that while a quantum dot interacts with a single cavity mode, the collapse and revival phenomenon will occur. It is demonstrated that acoustic phonons have a pronounced impact on the collapse and revival of the quantum dot exciton. Our finding reveals that at elevated temperatures the phonon interaction decreases the Rabi frequency. Moreover, the cavity mode possesses non-classical features such as sub-Poissonian statistics.
We study optically driven Rabi rotations of a quantum dot exciton transition between 5 and 50 K, and for pulse areas of up to 14π. In a high driving field regime, the decay of the Rabi rotations is nonmonotonic, and the period decreases with pulse area and increases with temperature. By comparing the experiments to a weak-coupling model of the exciton-phonon interaction, we demonstrate that the observed renormalization of the Rabi frequency is induced by fluctuations in the bath of longitudinal acoustic phonons, an effect that is a phonon analogy of the Lamb shift.
We show that the interaction between carriers confined in a quantum dot and the surrounding lattice under external driving of carrier dynamics has a dynamical, resonant character. The quality of Rabi oscillations in such a system depends on the relation between nonlinear spectral characteristics of the driven dynamics and the spectral density of effectively coupled lattice modes (phonon frequencies and density of states). For a large number of Rabi oscillations within a fixed time (allowed by, e.g., exciton recombination) the spectrum of the dynamics extends towards high frequencies, coming into resonance with acoustic and optical phonons. Thus, this resonant lattice response strongly restricts the possibility of fully coherent control over the charge state in a quantum dot.