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Laser Physics Letters

Construction of a quantum repeater based on a quantum dot in an optical microcavity system

Chuanming Wang, T-J Wang, Y. Zhang

Published Apr 16, 2014• 11 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We investigate an efficient quantum repeater protocol based on quantum dots (QDs) and optical microcavity coupled systems. The proposed system can be used for long-distance quantum entanglement distribution, exploiting the interaction between single photons and QDs embedded in optical microcavities. We present the entanglement generation and entanglement swapping modules with QDs in microcavity systems and generalize it to quantum repeaters. The utilization of QDs and coupled cavities leads to a high success probability for the generation of entanglement. By using current and near future technology, entanglement with a high fidelity can be achieved and robust quantum communication over long-distance channels is feasible.

DOI
10.1088/1612-2011/11/6/065202

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We present an efficient quantum repeater protocol that uses coupled systems of quantum-dot spins and optical microcavities, in which the spatial entanglement of a photon system can be converted into polarization entanglement of electron spins. The bit-flip and phase-flip errors on the polarization state of each qubit caused by noisy channels can be rejected, without resorting to additional qubits. Two remote parties can obtain the maximally entangled electron-spin state and store it deterministically after the transmission of photons, independent of the noise parameters. The transmission distance of photons will not be limited by the coherence time of memory units in the present protocol, unlike the previous atomic-ensemble-based quantum repeater protocols, and it can be applied directly in long-distance quantum-communication protocols.
Efficient quantum repeaters are needed to combat photon losses in fibers in future quantum networks. Single atom coupled with photonic cavity offers a great platform for photon-atom gate. Here I propose a quantum repeater scheme with efficient entanglement generation and entanglement swapping based on photon-atom gates. It can be implemented with various types of atomic systems and requires much less experimental complexity compared to other repeater protocols. With current available experimental techniques and reasonable improvements, high entanglement distribution rates can be achieved. A multiplexing configuration of 10 single atoms in cavities, secret key rates in order of a few Hz to 100 s Hz can be achieved for communication distance of 1000 km. This proposal paves the way for the demonstration of an efficient entanglement distribution with quantum repeaters in the near future.
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Quantum repeater is one of the important building blocks for long distance quantum communication network. The previous quantum repeaters based on atomic ensembles and linear optical elements can only be performed with a maximal success probability of 1/2 during the entanglement creation and entanglement swapping procedures. Meanwhile, the polarization noise during the entanglement distribution process is harmful to the entangled channel created. Here we introduce a general interface between a polarized photon and an atomic ensemble trapped in a single-sided optical cavity, and with which we propose a high-efficiency quantum repeater protocol in which the robust entanglement distribution is accomplished by the stable spatial-temporal entanglement and it can in principle create the deterministic entanglement between neighboring atomic ensembles in a heralded way as a result of cavity quantum electrodynamics. Meanwhile, the simplified parity-check gate makes the entanglement swapping be completed with unity efficiency, other than 1/2 with linear optics. We detail the performance of our protocol with current experimental parameters and show its robustness to the imperfections, i.e., detuning and coupling variation, involved in the reflection process. These good features make it a useful building block in long distance quantum communication.