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Frontiers in Optics

Transient two-wave mixing in linear interferometer based on Er-doped optical fiber with saturable absorption

Serguei I. Stepanov, Fernando Pérez-Cota, Daniel García Casillas, Marcos Plata Sánchez

Published Jan 1, 2007• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Transient two-wave mixing in Er-doped optical fibers with saturable absorption was shown to be nearly two times more efficient in linear interferometric configuration with significantly different powers of recording waves than in symmetric recording arrangement.
DOI
10.1364/fio.2007.jsua34

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"Because of the unshifted type of recorded amplitude gratings, adaptive interferometers based on dynamic population gratings in Er-doped fibers with saturable absorption demonstrate an essentially quadratic response and, as a result, are not sensitive enough to detect a small object displacement ( < ¿/4), and cannot distinguish the displacement direction. We propose, and experimentally demonstrate, two techniques for their linearization which are based on externally introduced phase off-set between the recording interference pattern and the recorded grating. In the transient technique, the application of a fast ¼/2 phase jump in the detected wave makes the system response linear during the transient time of the grating formation T g (typically of a millisecond-submillisecond scale in Er-doped fibers)..."
We present experimental results of two-wave mixing in single-mode Er-doped optical fibers for which dynamic Bragg reflectance gratings are formed as a result of saturation of fiber-optic absorption (i.e., by means of the effect of spatial hole burning). The gratings are probed by the same recording waves at lambda approximately = 1549 nm and are detected as periodic changes of the intensity of light reflected from a Sagnac interferometer (with a piece of the doped fiber included) observed when periodic phase modulation is induced in one of the waves. Both rectangular and sinusoidal modulation were used, which permitted evaluation of the grating recording time (tau(g) approximately = 3 ms for OFS-Fitel EDF-HG980 fiber) and the grating amplitude, which proved to be approximately 6-7 times lower than expected from measurements of saturation of fiber-optic absorption by one wave only.
Detailed experimental data on the efficiency of two-wave mixing via population dynamic grating in erbium-doped fiber (EDF) with saturable optical absorption are presented. The measurements were performed for spectral region 1490–1560 nm of the EDF absorption/gain spectrum, both for absorption and for phase (refractive index) components of the dynamic grating. The reported data confirm the earlier results published for some particular recording wavelengths. In particular, the amplitude gratings recorded in EDF in the central part of this region (1520–1560 nm) are significantly less efficient (by more than 1 order of magnitude) than it can be estimated from measurements of a spatially uniform fiber absorption saturation. It is shown, however, that this effect cannot be explained by spatial migration of the Er3+ excited state. At the short-wavelength spectrum side around 1490 nm, the disagreement between the experimentally observed and the evaluated grating amplitude is minimum (∼0.3) and can, probably, be attributed to the polarization mismatch in the counterpropagating recording waves.
We report on observations of transient two-wave mixing (TWM) of orthogonally polarized waves counterpropagating through an Er-doped single-mode optical fiber. Experiments were performed in a 2-m-long moderately birefringent (with beat length approximately 2 cm) Er-doped fiber without optical pumping at the laser wavelength 1549 nm. The transient TWM signal observed for crossed linear polarizations of the recording waves oriented along two orthogonal birefringence axes of the fiber (i.e., for the interference pattern with spatially modulated state of light polarization only) proved to be approximately half of that observed for parallel polarizations. Direct measurements of the transient polarization hole-burning effect (i.e., that observed for fast switching of the input light linear polarization between two orthogonal orientations of the doped fiber birefringence axes) allow us to attribute formation of the corresponding anisotropic dynamic grating to this effect.