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Soviet Journal of Quantum Electronics

Optically pumped gas laser using electronic transitions in the NaRb molecule

V. M. Kaslin, O. F. Yakushev

Published Dec 31, 1983• 6 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Laser superradiance was achieved for the first time as a result of an electronic transition in a diatomic heteronuclear molecule as a result of direct optical pumping. This superradiance was observed in the region of 670 nm due to a transition to the ground stated X 1Σ + of the intermetallic alkali molecule NaRb pumped by radiation from a pulsed copper vapor laser (λ =510.6 nm).

DOI
10.1070/qe1983v013n12abeh004993

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Laser superradiance was achieved for the first time as a result of an electronic transition in a diatomic heteronuclear molecule as a result of direct optical pumping. This superradiance was observed in the region of 670 nm due to a transition to the ground stated X 1Σ + of the intermetallic alkali molecule NaRb pumped by radiation from a pulsed copper vapor laser (λ =510.6 nm).
Theoretical and experimental study of nonresonance generation of laser radiation by atoms, molecules and ions of matter - superradiation - is an important area of research in the field of femtosecond optics. Narrowly directed (forward and reverse), with an intensity proportional to the square of the number of inverted atoms, molecules and ions, radiation can be used to probe the atmosphere using femtosecond lidars. This paper presents the results of comparative experimental studies of the appearance of superradiance at transitions of molecular nitrogen ion in the atmosphere and at transitions of atomic strontium ion in a mixture with inert gases (He, Ne) in a heated cuvette. For the first time, superradiance was observed in the transition from the resonant electronic state 2Р1/2 / to the ground state 2S1/2 (407.8 nm), when Sr pairs were pumped by radiation at a wavelength of 268.1 nm.
Singly ionized nitrogen molecules in ambient air pumped by 800 nm femtosecond laser give rise to superradiant emission. Here, we study this superradiance by injecting a pair of resonant seeding pulses at different intensity ratios inside the nitrogen gas plasma. Strong modulation of the 391.4 nm superradiant emission with a period of 1.3 fs is observed when the delay between the two seeding pulses is finely tuned. The modulation contrast is increased and then decreased with the delay time when the second seed pulse is stronger than the first one, and the maximum modulation contrast occurs at longer delay time when the second seeding pulse is stronger. This reveals the increase of the macroscopic polarization with time after the seeding pulse. Moreover, these observations provide a new level of control on the "air lasing" based on nitrogen ions, which can find potential applications in optical remote sensing.
We have observed, for the first time to our knowledge, stimulated emission in atomic-copper vapor that is excited by a resonant tunable laser beam. One of the important and interesting results obtained in this experiment is that excitation of the (2)P(1/2) level of the copper atoms generates strong amplified spontaneous emission (ASE) for both(2)P(1/2)-(2)D(3/2) and (2)P(3/2)-(2)D(5/2) transitions. This is the first reported direct experimental evidence observed for collisional mixing between the (2)P(1/2) and (2)P(3/2) levels in a copper-vapor laser. Excitation of the (2)P(3/2) level induces substantially weaker ASE for the (2)P(1/2)-(2)D(3/2) transition. In addition, we observed collision-induced ASE for both transitions over a wide range of detuning of the pump frequency. The preliminary results of the experiment are presented, and the implications of the results for high-pressure copper-vapor lasers are discussed.
Nitrogen molecules in ambient air exposed to an intense near-infrared femtosecond laser pulse give rise to cavity-free superradiant emission at 391.4 and 427.8 nm. An unexpected pulse duration-dependent cyclic variation of the superradiance intensity is observed when the central wavelength of the femtosecond pump laser pulse is finely tuned between 780 and 820 nm, and no signal occurs at the resonant wavelength of 782.8 nm (2ω_{782.8 nm}=ω_{391.4 nm}). On the basis of a semiclassical recollision model, we show that an interference of dipolar moments of excited ions created by electron recollisions explains this behavior.
An investigation was made of the spectral composition of the spontaneous radiation, superradiance, and laser radiation emitted by a pulsed copper vapor laser. The time resolution was about 3 nsec. It was found that the observed spectral structure of the laser radiation and superradiance was governed by the hyperfine and isotopic splitting of the active levels of the copper atom. In the absence of saturation of the active medium a narrowing of the spectral line profiles was observed during a superradiance pulse. When saturation was achieved for superradiance and lasing, the line profiles broadened to the width of the spontaneous emission line during a radiation pulse. It was found that the temperature of the gas in the copper vapor laser did not exceed 2500°K.