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Optics Letters

Stimulated emission in optically pumped atomic-copper vapor

Jin Joong Kim, Nackchin Sung

Published Nov 1, 1987• 6 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We have observed, for the first time to our knowledge, stimulated emission in atomic-copper vapor that is excited by a resonant tunable laser beam. One of the important and interesting results obtained in this experiment is that excitation of the (2)P(1/2) level of the copper atoms generates strong amplified spontaneous emission (ASE) for both(2)P(1/2)-(2)D(3/2) and (2)P(3/2)-(2)D(5/2) transitions. This is the first reported direct experimental evidence observed for collisional mixing between the (2)P(1/2) and (2)P(3/2) levels in a copper-vapor laser. Excitation of the (2)P(3/2) level induces substantially weaker ASE for the (2)P(1/2)-(2)D(3/2) transition. In addition, we observed collision-induced ASE for both transitions over a wide range of detuning of the pump frequency. The preliminary results of the experiment are presented, and the implications of the results for high-pressure copper-vapor lasers are discussed.

DOI
10.1364/ol.12.000885

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•Sep 1, 1993•0 citations
We have observed, for the first time to our knowledge, stimulated emission in atomic-copper vapor that is excited by a resonant tunable laser beam. One of the important and interesting results obtained in this experiment is that excitation of the (2)P(1/2) level of the copper atoms generates strong amplified spontaneous emission (ASE) for both(2)P(1/2)-(2)D(3/2) and (2)P(3/2)-(2)D(5/2) transitions. This is the first reported direct experimental evidence observed for collisional mixing between the (2)P(1/2) and (2)P(3/2) levels in a copper-vapor laser. Excitation of the (2)P(3/2) level induces substantially weaker ASE for the (2)P(1/2)-(2)D(3/2) transition. In addition, we observed collision-induced ASE for both transitions over a wide range of detuning of the pump frequency. The preliminary results of the experiment are presented, and the implications of the results for high-pressure copper-vapor lasers are discussed.
Recently we reported the observation of stimulated emission in atomic copper vapor that is excited by a resonant tunable laser beam.1 One important result obtained in the experiment is that the two upper levels involved in the laser transitions of the atomic copper vapor are collisionally mixed in stimulated emission. This observation is particularly important for studies of high-pressure transverse-discharge copper vapor lasers. We conducted an optical pumping experiment to measure the collisional mixing cross sections (CMCSs) below the threshold of stimulated emission. We observed all four transitions: 2P1/2−2S1/2 (327.4 nm); 2P3/2−2S1/2 (324.8 nm); 2P1/2−2D3/2 (578.2 nm); and 2P3/2−2D5/2 (510.6 nm), when either one of the two levels 2P3/2,1/2 was excited. From the measurements of the intensities of the resonantly excited and sensitized fluorescences, we estimate the CMCSs Q34(2P1/2→2P3/2) and Q43(2P1/2←2P3/2) at 2 × 10−16 and 1.3 × 10-16 cm2 for Cu + Ne collisions, respectively. We also measured the linewidths of the optically pumped green and yellow lasers as a function of the buffer gas pressure and of detuning of the pump frequency. We observe that the linewidths change in an interesting way, which can be explained in terms of the gain narrowing.
Observations are made of dipole-quadrupole laser-induced inelastic collisions occurring during the collision of two Ba atoms. Results for both stimulated-absorption and spontaneous-emission experiments using the same collisional configuration are reported for the first time. In both experiments the interaction maximizes at the $R=\ensuremath{\infty}$ wavelength and has a full-width-at-half-maximum linewidth of \ensuremath{\sim}8 ${\mathrm{cm}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$. These results bear on the study of the interatomic potentials for colliding atoms and permit the collisional energy transfer to states hitherto inaccessible to dipole-dipole collisions.
Since Karras et al. published a paper on the observation of optical cooperative emissions from copper vapor,1 no other convincing experimental evidence has been reported on this puzzling phenomenon. We reported an observation of a similar behavior of the stimulated emission from the copper-vapor laser in the context of Dicke superradiance.2 Subsequently we have carried out a detailed experimental investigation on this pulsing phenomenon in a transverse-discharge copper-vapor laser system. By means of a precision spectral analysis we can identify two principal mechanisms which are responsible for the multiple-pulsing phenomenon in a high-gain condition: (1) the superimposition of a few pulses corresponding to different regions of the spectrum of the laser line, and (2) superradiant ringing due to the coherent collective effect. The conditions in which one or the other of the two mechanisms is manifested are subtle and are not completely understood as yet. But the characteristics of the optical pulses resulting from each mechanism are quite distinct. We describe the difference between the two mechanisms and present the experimental results that exhibit an interesting spectral behavior of the laser pulses in each case.
An investigation was made of the spectral composition of the spontaneous radiation, superradiance, and laser radiation emitted by a pulsed copper vapor laser. The time resolution was about 3 nsec. It was found that the observed spectral structure of the laser radiation and superradiance was governed by the hyperfine and isotopic splitting of the active levels of the copper atom. In the absence of saturation of the active medium a narrowing of the spectral line profiles was observed during a superradiance pulse. When saturation was achieved for superradiance and lasing, the line profiles broadened to the width of the spontaneous emission line during a radiation pulse. It was found that the temperature of the gas in the copper vapor laser did not exceed 2500°K.
Recently, Jaroszynski and King found superradiance(SR) occurring in photodissociatively created systems using NaI and n-C3F7I moleculesl) , and Hahn and Lee have performe2)d the amplified spontaneous emission(ASE) experiment in an iodine photodissociation laser(IPL) amplifier . In general, to observe SR experimentally, a very short intense pumping pulse of which FWHM is about a few tens of nanoseconds, is used for making a totally inverted system. But in this work, the amplifier is pumped with conventional flashlamps of FWHM=3us, yet we have detected a output pulse which is a superposition of ASE and SR. The temporal behaviour of the pulse is investigated in detail, and the experimental results are compared with theoretical results.
Discriptions are given of recent theoretical and experimental results of dramatic effects, during the interval of the excitation pulse, in optically pumped stimulated emissions (OPSE). Forward-directed OPSE from a two-photon resonantly excited state to a lower state which is also coupled to the ground state is strongly suppressed and backward emissions are frequency shifted. Surprisingly, the effects are caused by an interference from a wave-mixing field. Several other implications of this effect are given and, on the basis of this phenomenon, several puzzling ASE observations mentioned in other published work are noted and clarified.