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Optics Letters

Broadband near-to-shot-noise suppression of arbitrary cw-laser excess intensity noise in the gigahertz range

Ernest A. Michael, Laurent Pallanca

Published Mar 20, 2015• 9 citations

Abstract

Broadband near-to-shot-noise suppression of the intensity noise from a continuous-wave (cw) fiber laser at 1550 nm is demonstrated at GHz-frequencies using feed-forward phase-matched destructive noise interference impressed onto the optical signal with a fiber electro-optic power modulator. The scheme is independent of the laser frequency and therefore is suitable for tunable lasers. It can be used with some modifications after an optical fiber-amplifier boosting a cw laser signal. A noise residual of down to 2 dB above the shot-noise was measured, which is about 2 dB below the prediction with a rigorous noise model. While the total laser noise can be removed, inclusive shot noise, because the latter is still 10 dB above the thermal noise, the power splitter introduces some partition noise above the shot level. In that case, a sub-shot-noise suppression scheme should be possible by replacing the photon anti-correlation of the power splitter by the co-correlation obtained from a paired photon or twin beam source.

DOI: 10.1364/ol.40.001334

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A broadband quantum noise source based on detection of shot noise of a balanced photodetector is demonstrated. Precise electro-optical tuning of the balanced photodetector circuit was carried out by an integrated optical beam splitter constructed in the form of the dual output Mach-Zehnder interferometer on a lithium niobate substrate. The classical component of the detected noise related to the relative intensity noise of a laser diode was suppressed by more than 15 dB. At the maximum laser power of 100 mW, the power spectral density of detected shot noise was 12 dB higher than the level of technical noise of the measuring system in the frequency band above 3 GHz. Keywords: quantum random number generator, vacuum fluctuations, shot noise measurements, integrated optics, lithium niobate

Nondegenerate optical parametric oscillators generate above-threshold signal and idler beams that have intensity fluctuations correlated at the quantum level (twin beams). We describe what is to our knowledge the first high-sensitivity spectroscopy experiment using twin beams emitted by a cw optical parametric oscillator: a very weak two-photon absorption signal, in the 10(-7) range, is recorded on the 4S(1/2)-5S(1/2) transition of atomic potassium with a noise background that is reduced by 1.9 dB with respect to the shot-noise limit of the light used in the experiment.

Broadband quantum noise source based on the shot noise detection of a balanced photodetector is demonstrated. Precise electro-optical tuning of the balanced photodetector circuit was carried out by an integrated optical beam splitter in the form of the dual output Mach-Zehnder interferometer on a lithium niobate substrate. The classical component of the detected noise related to the relative intensity noise of a laser diode was suppressed by more than 15 dB. At the maximum laser power of 100 mW, power spectral density of detected shot noise was 12 dB higher than the level of technical noise of the measuring system in the frequency band above 3 GHz.