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Journal of Applied Physics

Propagation of magnetically controllable lasers and magneto-optic dual switching using nitrogen-vacancy centers in diamond

J.-H. Li, Rong Yu, Y. Wu

Published Mar 13, 2013• 21 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We study coherent laser-induced optical behaviors in weak twin-light propagation through strained diamond nitrogen-vacancy (NV) centers via switching on and off an external magnetic field. By numerically solving the coupled Bloch-Maxwell equations for NV center and field simultaneously in space and time, we address dynamic control of pulse propagation and magneto-optic dual switching in such a laser-driven NV center system. The proposed scheme may have applications in the design of magneto-optic switching and magneto-optic storage devices.

DOI
10.1063/1.4795275

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We study coherent laser-induced optical behaviors in weak twin-light propagation through strained diamond nitrogen-vacancy (NV) centers via switching on and off an external magnetic field. By numerically solving the coupled Bloch-Maxwell equations for NV center and field simultaneously in space and time, we address dynamic control of pulse propagation and magneto-optic dual switching in such a laser-driven NV center system. The proposed scheme may have applications in the design of magneto-optic switching and magneto-optic storage devices.
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We design an optical modulator based on an optical resonant cavity that coherently couples to an ensemble of nitrogen-vacancy (NV) centers, controlled by an external magnetic field. We reveal the coherent perfect absorption (CPA) of photons in the system and demonstrate how to suppress, block, and amplify light transmission by manipulating the amplitude, direction, and detuning of the external magnetic field, as well as the phase difference between the input light fields. This design leverages the friendly controllability of NV centers by an external magnetic field, suggesting the potential to develop advanced photonic devices.
Abstract A nitrogen-vacancy (NV) center in a diamond enables the access to an electron spin, which is expected to present highly sensitive quantum sensors. Although exploiting a nitrogen nuclear spin improves the sensitivity, manipulating it using a resonant pulse requires a long gate time owing to its small gyromagnetic ratio. Another technique to control nuclear spins is a conditional rotation gate based on dynamical decoupling, which is faster but unavailable for nitrogen spins owing to the lack of transverse hyperfine coupling with the electron spin. In this study, we generated effective transverse coupling by applying a weak off-axis magnetic field. An effective coupling depends on the off-axis field; the conditional rotation gate on the nitrogen-14 spins of an NV center was demonstrated within 4.2 μs under an 1.8% off-axis field and a longitudinal field of approximately 280 mT. We estimated that a population transfer from the electron to nitrogen spins can be implemented with 8.7 μs. Our method is applicable to an ensemble of NV centers, in addition to a single NV center.
Optically addressable spin defects in solid-state materials have shown great potential for applications ranging from metrology to quantum information processing. Many of these experiments require a detailed understanding of the full Hamiltonian dynamics in order to develop precise quantum control. Here we use picosecond resonant optical pulses to investigate the coherent orbital and spin dynamics of the nitrogen-vacancy (NV) center in diamond, over timescales spanning six orders of magnitude. We implement an ultrafast optical pump-probe technique to study the NV center’s orbital-doublet, spin-triplet excited state at cryogenic temperatures (T < 20 K), where the excited state becomes stable and optically coherent with the ground state. This technique, coupled with optical polarization selection rules, allows us to probe the coherent orbital dynamics of the NV center’s excited state [1]. These experiments reveal dynamics on femtosecond to nanosecond timescales due to the interplay between the ground and excited state orbital levels. This all-optical technique also provides a method to dynamically control the spin state of the NV center by harnessing the excited state structure. Through studying the spin dynamics of the NV center with coherent pulses of light, we are able to rotate the spin state on sub-nanosecond timescales. Furthermore, by tuning the excited-state spin Hamiltonian with an external magnetic eld, we demonstrate arbitrary-axis spin rotations through controlled unitary evolution of the spin state. Extending this to the full excited-state manifold, we develop a time-domain quantum tomography technique to precisely map the NV center’s excited state Hamiltonian. These techniques generalize to other systems and can be a powerful tool in characterizing and controlling qubits in other optically addressable spin systems.