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Optics Letters

Magnetically controlled optical modulator based on coherent perfect absorption in NV centers

Ming-feng Jiao, Chang-Shui Yu

Published May 6, 2026• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We design an optical modulator based on an optical resonant cavity that coherently couples to an ensemble of nitrogen-vacancy (NV) centers, controlled by an external magnetic field. We reveal the coherent perfect absorption (CPA) of photons in the system and demonstrate how to suppress, block, and amplify light transmission by manipulating the amplitude, direction, and detuning of the external magnetic field, as well as the phase difference between the input light fields. This design leverages the friendly controllability of NV centers by an external magnetic field, suggesting the potential to develop advanced photonic devices.

DOI
10.1364/ol.596818

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We design an optical modulator based on an optical resonant cavity that coherently couples to an ensemble of nitrogen-vacancy (NV) centers, controlled by an external magnetic field. We reveal the coherent perfect absorption (CPA) of photons in the system and demonstrate how to suppress, block, and amplify light transmission by manipulating the amplitude, direction, and detuning of the external magnetic field, as well as the phase difference between the input light fields. This design leverages the friendly controllability of NV centers by an external magnetic field, suggesting the potential to develop advanced photonic devices.
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Generation of a local magnetic field at the nanoscale is desirable for many applications such as spin-qubit-based quantum memories. However, this is a challenge due to the slow decay of static magnetic fields. Here, we demonstrate a photonic spin density (PSD)-induced effective static magnetic field for an ensemble of nitrogen-vacancy (NV) centers in bulk diamond. This locally induced magnetic field is a result of coherent interaction between the optical excitation and the NV centers. We demonstrate an optically induced spin rotation on the Bloch sphere exceeding 10 degrees which has potential applications in all-optical coherent control of spin qubits.
Abstract This work introduces a novel model to manipulate electromagnetically induced gratings within systems based on nitrogen-vacancy (NV) centers. The system is driven by coherent laser sources comprising a weak probe and standing-wave-patterned coupling fields aligned along the x and y axes, which induce spatial modulation of the refractive index, resulting in the emergence of Fraunhofer diffraction. Our investigation delves into the modulation and diffraction behaviors of transmitted light within the NV system, with a focus on examining the influence of various parameters, particularly magnetic fields. Our findings highlight how magnetic fields strongly influence the transmitted light, altering its intensity and phase characteristics, as well as the resulting diffraction structure. Specifically, we observe a notable redistribution of energy between zero and higher diffraction orders as the magnetic field deviates from zero, showcasing the versatility of magnetic field as a tool for manipulation of diffraction grating powers, thereby offering flexibility in optical output engineering. These findings open new avenues for precise tuning and performance enhancement of resonant optical systems, with potential applications spanning photonic technologies and optical signal manipulation.
We study coherent laser-induced optical behaviors in weak twin-light propagation through strained diamond nitrogen-vacancy (NV) centers via switching on and off an external magnetic field. By numerically solving the coupled Bloch-Maxwell equations for NV center and field simultaneously in space and time, we address dynamic control of pulse propagation and magneto-optic dual switching in such a laser-driven NV center system. The proposed scheme may have applications in the design of magneto-optic switching and magneto-optic storage devices.
Photon absorption and nonreciprocal photon transmission are studied in a rotating optical resonator coupled with an atomic ensemble. It is demonstrated that the perfect photon absorption is accompanied by optical bistability when the resonator is static. If the spinning detune is adjusted to some particular values, we find that the amplified unidirectional photon transmission can be realized. We have explicitly given the perfect photon absorption conditions and the maximal adjustable amplification rate. It is found that the coupling of the resonator and the atomic ensemble is necessary for perfect photon absorption, and the phase difference of the two input fields only affects the perfect absorption point. It gives new insight into the design of photon absorbers and optical switches.
We propose and analyze a scheme for controlling coherent photon transmission and reflection in a cavity-quantum-electrodynamics (CQED) system consisting of an optical resonator coupled with three-level atoms coherently prepared by a control laser from free space. When the control laser is off and the cavity is excited by two identical light fields from two ends of the cavity, the two input light fields can be completely absorbed by the CQED system and the light energy is converted into the excitation of the polariton states, but no light can escape from the cavity. Two distinct cases of controlling the perfect photon absorption are analyzed: (a) when the control laser is tuned to the atomic resonance and creates electromagnetically induced transparency, the perfect photon absorption is suppressed and the input light fields are nearly completely transmitted through the cavity; (b) when the control laser is tuned to the polariton state resonance and inhibits the polariton state excitation, the perfect photon absorption is again suppressed and the input light fields are nearly completely reflected from the cavity. Thus, the CQED system can act as a perfect absorber or near-perfect transmitter and/or reflector by simply turning the control laser off or on. Such interference control of the coherent photon-atom interaction in the CQED system should be useful for a variety of applications in optical logical devices.