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Proceedings of SPIE, the International Society for Optical Engineering/Proceedings of SPIE

A precise measurement method of each component gas pressures in rubidium vapor cell based on atom absorption spectra

Wei Feng, Guangzong Xiao, Xiaohu Liu, Zhiguo Wang, Kaiyong Yang

Published Dec 3, 2014• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

A new method and its principle are presented for measuring the each component gas pressures in Rubidium (Rb) by the analysis of absorption spectral profile. The experiment system is set up to obtain Rb absorption spectra. And then each component gas pressures in atom vapor cell is estimated. First, the relationships between transmittance of probe light, atom density and absorption cross section are introduced, and the factors which influence the absorption spectral profile and methods to measure gas pressures are given. Second, the frequency-dependence curves of transmittance and the absorption spectra are obtained through tuning the laser frequency through the Rb D1 transition. Finally, the gas pressures of Rb, N2 and He are achieved, through fitting absorption spectral profile referring to half-width and minimum transmittance value of absorption spectra. The experiment results show that gas pressures in Rb atom vapor cell can be accurately measured by absorption spectrometric methods, which will be helpful for the following study of atom vapor cell. The gas pressures of N2 and He measured by the experiments are well matched with design values. The Rb gas pressure is 30%~50% less than the saturated vapor pressure and the suppression may be due to the adsorption of the cell surfaces coated with octadecyltrichlorosilane (OTS) film.

DOI
10.1117/12.2072851

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A new method and its principle are presented for measuring the each component gas pressures in Rubidium (Rb) by the analysis of absorption spectral profile. The experiment system is set up to obtain Rb absorption spectra. And then each component gas pressures in atom vapor cell is estimated. First, the relationships between transmittance of probe light, atom density and absorption cross section are introduced, and the factors which influence the absorption spectral profile and methods to measure gas pressures are given. Second, the frequency-dependence curves of transmittance and the absorption spectra are obtained through tuning the laser frequency through the Rb D1 transition. Finally, the gas pressures of Rb, N2 and He are achieved, through fitting absorption spectral profile referring to half-width and minimum transmittance value of absorption spectra. The experiment results show that gas pressures in Rb atom vapor cell can be accurately measured by absorption spectrometric methods, which will be helpful for the following study of atom vapor cell. The gas pressures of N2 and He measured by the experiments are well matched with design values. The Rb gas pressure is 30%~50% less than the saturated vapor pressure and the suppression may be due to the adsorption of the cell surfaces coated with octadecyltrichlorosilane (OTS) film.
The temperature of the alkali metal cell, which affects the density of the alkali-metal vapor and the gas pressure, is usually difficult to measure directly. However, the temperature of the alkali-metal cell and the density of the alkali-metal vapor are important parameters that affect the performance of the atomic sensor. In this paper, a device that can directly measure the internal temperature of an alkali metal cell in real time is designed for the first time to explore the relationship between alkali-metal vapor density and temperature. Alkali-metal vapor density is measured using the absorption spectrum. The pressure broadening model, combined with the transition of four hyperfine levels, was used to fit the absorption line of 87Rb D1 under the action of 700 Torr N2, and a good fitting effect was obtained. The experimental results show that the density of 87Rb is less than the value calculated by the empirical formula. Based on the experimental results, we give the calculation formula of 87Rb density with an uncertainty of only 4% and obtain the temperature dependence index of the line width and linear displacement of 87Rb in N2 by analyzing the absorption spectrum.
Abstract Vapor glass cells play a crucial role in spectroscopic research and metrology applications. As the demand for portable quantum devices grows, characterizing vapor glass cells based on their form factor becomes essential. Therefore, exploring cost-effective homemade alternatives is increasingly important in this regard. To address this, we have successfully produced a cost-effective homemade vapor cells containing rubidium atoms in our laboratory. In this work, we characterized the atomic absorption properties of the homemade vapor cells to extract the vapor pressure of atoms inside the cell and compare it to commercially available reference cells. The experimental procedure involves directing a laser beam with a wavelength of 780 nm through the vapor cell and measuring the absorption signals using a photodiode. Additionally, we calculate rubidium absorption cross section to extract the absorption data and compare it to the experimental obtained result to determine the vapor pressure within the cell. This study demonstrates that our homemade cell exhibits a comparable absorption profile and vapor pressure to that of a commercial cell. This suggests that our homemade cell is suitable for spectroscopic measurements and presents a cost-effective solution for future applications in portable quantum devices.
Comparison of absorption and fluorescence in a nano-cell containing Rb vapor with other Rb nano-cells with addition of neon gas is presented. It is shown that the effect of collapse and revival of Dicke-type narrowing occurs for Rb nanocells containing N2 as buffer gas under 6 and 20 Torr pressure for the thickness L = λ /2 and L = where λ is the resonant λ, laser wavelength 794 nm (D1 line). Particularly for 6 Torr the line-width of the transmission spectrum for the thickness L =λ/2 is 2 times narrower than that for L = λ. For an ordinary Rb cell with L = 0.1 - 10 cm with addition of buffer gas, the velocity selective optical pumping/saturation (VSOP) resonances in saturated absorption spectra are fully suppressed when the buffer gas pressure > 0.5 Torr. A spectacular difference is that for L = λ, VSOP resonances located at the atomic transitions are still observable even when Ne pressure is ≥ 6 Torr. Narrowband fluorescence spectra of a nano-cell with L = λ/2 can be used as a convenient tool for online buffer gas pressure monitoring for the conditions when ordinary pressure gauges are unusable. Comparison of electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) effect in a nano-cell filled with pure (without a buffer gas) Rb with another nano-cell, where buffer gas nitrogen is added, is presented. The use of N2 gas inside Rb nano-cells strongly extends the range of coupling laser detunings in which it is still possible to form EIT resonance.
The atomic number densities of 87 Rb vapor and surrounding gas 3 He in a sealed cubic cell were measured by sweeping the absorption line and fitting the experimental data with a Lorentzian profile. The absorption was carried out around the D1 transition at different temperatures. We compare our results for the number density for 87 Rb with the previous methods and calculate the fractional error to be less than 5% as well as the error for 3 He between this work and the density obtained from the filling procedure to be no more than 4.2% at 370K. In addition, we discuss the factors that contribute to the error, among which the cell temperature plays the most important role.
An accurate measurement method for Rb vapor′s abosrptivity and absorptive peak to 780 nm laser with narrow linewidth under high-pressure buffer gas is proposed.Based on the principle of differential absorption,a single laser diode(LD) with central wavelength of 787 nm is used as a reference beam source to eliminate the error of absorptivity brought by the Rb vapor cell′s uncoated inner-surfaces.The absorptive peak is measured through the dip of the spectra observed after 780 nm laser transmitted through the Rb vapor cell.Higher accuracy of this method is verified by the measurement of the absorptivity and absorptive peak for the Rb vapor with buffer gases of 252.5 kPa He and 50.5 kPa methane.
Abstract A cell with a submicron thickness was used to measure the broadening and shift of the D1 and D2 lines of Rb atoms by neon. The resolution of hypefine components is achieved by a combination of two techniques. First, the Rb vapor column thickness in the direction of propagation of the laser radiation was chosen equal to half of its wavelength λ under conditions of resonance with the atomic transition frequency. For rubidium atoms λ/2 ~ 400 nm. At a nanocell thickness L ~ λ/2, in the transmission spectrum A(ν), the spectral lines of atomic transitions are narrowed due to the exclusion of Doppler broadening. Second, further narrowing of the detected signals was achieved by the double differentiation of the transmission spectrum, A''(ν). The transmission spectra of pure rubidium vapor and rubidium vapor with the addition of neon have been measured at different pressures. The measured values of the shift coefficients of the D1 and D2 lines of rubidium in the presence of Ne were –1.1 ± 0.2 MHz/Torr and –2.1 ± 0.2 MHz/Torr, respectively. The broadening coefficients of the D1 and D2 lines coincide and are equal to 10 ± 1 MHz/Torr. Due to its high spectral resolution, this technique allows separate measurements for each individual transition.