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Physical Review A

Adiabatic transfer for atomic interferometry

P. D. Featonby, Gilford S. Summy, Jocelyn L. Martin, Huang Wu, K. P. Zetie, Christopher J. Foot, Keith R. Burnett

Published Jan 1, 1996• 42 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We have observed momentum transfer in cesium atoms using the process of adiabatic transfer between dark states. We have investigated the sensitivity of this process to Zeeman shifts and to the differences between the translational energies of the states involved. We have shown that, for a chosen velocity class, the resultant phase shifts of the magnetic substates can be canceled so a dark state is maintained. Two different laser polarization configurations were used to perform the experiments: two circularly polarized beams or a linearly and a circularly polarized beam. Results for each are presented. Finally we discuss the relevance of our results to atomic interferometry and consider methods to minimize the possible phase shifts introduced in an atomic interferometer based upon adiabatic transfer. \textcopyright{} 1996 The American Physical Society.

DOI
10.1103/physreva.53.373

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We have observed momentum transfer in cesium atoms using the process of adiabatic transfer between dark states. We have investigated the sensitivity of this process to Zeeman shifts and to the differences between the translational energies of the states involved. We have shown that, for a chosen velocity class, the resultant phase shifts of the magnetic substates can be canceled so a dark state is maintained. Two different laser polarization configurations were used to perform the experiments: two circularly polarized beams or a linearly and a circularly polarized beam. Results for each are presented. Finally we discuss the relevance of our results to atomic interferometry and consider methods to minimize the possible phase shifts introduced in an atomic interferometer based upon adiabatic transfer. \textcopyright{} 1996 The American Physical Society.
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We have used a separated beam atom interferometer to investigate magnetically-induced phase shifts of the different magnetic substates of the sodium ground state. We have observed periodic rephasing of the 8 independent magnetic substates present in an unpolarized sodium beam as the differential magnetic field is increased on opposite sides of the interferometer. We have also demonstrated that two phase shifts with similar velocity dependences can be used to cancel each other, creating an interference pattern from one magnetic substate although an unpolarized beam is sent into the interferometer. Finally we discuss some applications of these techniques.
Atomic mirrors and beam splitters based on adiabatic following by delayed laser pulses in a three-level Raman configuration are analyzed. We show that in a pure three-level system of two ground states and one excited state, laser pulses tuned precisely on resonance with the excited state do not produce any accumulated phase shifts due to ac Stark shifts even if the process is nonadiabatic. A numerical simulation suggests that multiple delayed laser pulses are attractive for precision interferometry since high transfer efficiencies (up to 98.7% per pulse for the cesium D1 line) and low ac Stark shifts are expected. A possible application to optical two-photon spectroscopy for an optical clock is discussed.
We have observed transfer of momentum and ground state population in laser-cooled cesium by adiabatic following of a slowly evolving light field. In this new technique for mechanical manipulation of atoms, spontaneous emission is suppressed since the atoms evolve in a ``dark'' state that follows the light field. This means that the phase coherence of the atom is preserved so that this technique is useful in the realization of coherent atomic beam splitters and mirrors. Our experimental results are in good agreement with optical Bloch equation calculations.
We have studied how velocity-selective coherent population trapping (VSCPT), adiabatic population transfer (AT), and Raman transitions can be used to manipulate atoms. In particular, we have made calculations for all three methods for J to J transitions (J > 1) in atoms interacting with two counterpropagating beams of opposite circular polarization (σ± configuration). The momentum exchanged between the atoms and the light increases with J thus increasing the separation produced by beamsplitters and the angle of deflectors based on these techniques.
We demonstrate that for atom interferometers with lasers serving as beam splitters state independence (including freedom from Doppler effects) of the phase shift is obtained if the paths of the two interfering beams are closed and have obtained the same momentum transfer. This is also the case when the center-of-mass motion of the atoms is subject to a constant force field (acceleration). Among these interferometers the one with the simplest geometry is deduced for which the phase shift does not depend on acceleration. Its remaining sensitivity to rotation is discussed. Finally the geometry of a state-independent interferometer that is practically insensitive to both acceleration and rotation is worked out. As an application its relevance for the detection of the influence of space-time curvature on the atomic motion is studied. \textcopyright{} 1996 The American Physical Society.