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Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics

Different-color photons from chaotic sources interfering in pairs

Amir Nevet, Alex Hayat, Pavel Ginzburg, Meir Orenstein

Published Jan 1, 2012• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Using instantaneous detection of pairs of photons we have demonstrated a unique kind of interference between pairs of different-color photons, each photon originating from a different chaotic light source.
DOI
10.1364/qels.2012.qth1e.6

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1. ~"~.OUY ?and RA'ZLEIG~r :~ have recently] discussed ~9t the question of interference phenomena observed with a source of white light, and have arrived at important results.When the two interfering beams pass through the slit of a spectroscope, the spectrum is seen to be crossed alternately by bright and dark bands, and if high resolving powers are used, these interference effects may be observed, although the difference of path of the two original beams is considerable.This well-known fact has always been taken to prove that the vibrations of the white light are to a certain extent " regular," and efforts have been made to find by experiment the limits of that regularity.The futility of these efforts has been completely demonstrated by Gouy and Rayleigh, who have proved that the bright and dark bands alluded to would appear with sufficient resolving power, even if light consisted of perfectly irregularly distributed instantaneous impulses.These investigations would seem, therefore, to lead to the conclusion that a source of light is completely defined by the distribution of energy in the * Oommun~cated by the Author.

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Indistinguishability of events in quantum mechanics is manifested by interference between their probability amplitudes. We report a unique kind of interference occurring between indistinguishable events of photon-pair emission, where each photon of the pair is emitted from a distinct true chaotic light source and has a different energy. The indistinguishability results in an interference which is observed as an ultrafast modulation of the second-order coherence function, measured on a femtosecond time scale by two-photon absorption in a semiconductor photomultiplier tube.
Angle-separated pair photons emitted in spontaneous parametric fluorescence are superimposed at a beamsplitter and detected by coincidence techniques. The coincidence disappears when the photon path lengths to the beamsplitter are equal to within their inverse bandwidth due to fourth-order interference. The photon bandwidth is set by wide apertures placed to satisfy phase-matching conditions at the nonlinear crystal. The resulting broadband photons are short (39-fs full width at half maximum) and show an oscillatory tail resulting from the hard-edge apertures. Two-color photons are created by blocking the central portion of the apertures leading to strong oscillations of the coincidence rate as a function of path-length difference. Both effects are predicted by the theory of fourth-order interference coupled with the detailed phase-matching conditions in the nonlinear crystal used as a source. The two colors overlap at different positions on the beamsplitter. We show how this could be used as a test of local realistic theories by formulating a Bell inequality based on relative phases between the colors.
1. ~"~.OUY ?and RA'ZLEIG~r :~ have recently] discussed ~9t the question of interference phenomena observed with a source of white light, and have arrived at important results.When the two interfering beams pass through the slit of a spectroscope, the spectrum is seen to be crossed alternately by bright and dark bands, and if high resolving powers are used, these interference effects may be observed, although the difference of path of the two original beams is considerable.This well-known fact has always been taken to prove that the vibrations of the white light are to a certain extent " regular," and efforts have been made to find by experiment the limits of that regularity.The futility of these efforts has been completely demonstrated by Gouy and Rayleigh, who have proved that the bright and dark bands alluded to would appear with sufficient resolving power, even if light consisted of perfectly irregularly distributed instantaneous impulses.These investigations would seem, therefore, to lead to the conclusion that a source of light is completely defined by the distribution of energy in the * Oommun~cated by the Author.