Quantum contextuality can be observed in three path interferometers, suggesting a fundamental contradiction between wave propagation and particle propagation inherent in the wave-particle dualism. Here, we investigate this contradiction in a three path interferometer specifically designed to illustrate the paradoxical aspects of single particle interference. A particularly clear violation of non-contextual assumptions is obtained when interference effects suppress detection probabilities to zero in paths that seem to be necessary to explain the observation of photons in the output. This contradiction between detection probabilities in the paths and detection probabilities in the output cannot be explained by any assignment of photon paths through the interferometer, demonstrating a fundamental incompatibility of wave propagation and particle propagation.
Noninteraction of waves or the Non-Interaction of Waves property is common to all waves in the linear domain and in the absence of interacting materials. Autocorrelation between a pair of replicated fields to generate measurable changes implies some form of field–field interaction force, which has never been formally declared. Publications by Lamb, Jaynes, indicate that semiclassical theory is adequate to explain almost all the light–matter interaction phenomena. When one claims that he or she has registered a single photon “click,” what has really been measured in the instrument is a current pulse consisting of many billions of electrons through amplification of the light-induced emission of one or more starting electrons. Drawing a conclusion from current pulses that photons are indivisible quanta and each electron is released by a single indivisible light quantum does not demonstrate a one-to-one logical correlation.