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Physical Review A

Transverse revival and fractional revival of the Hanbury Brown and Twiss bunching effect with discrete chaotic light

Liming Li, Peilong Hong, Guoquan Zhang

Published Feb 25, 2019• 4 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We studied the Hanbury Brown and Twiss (HBT) bunching effect of discrete chaotic light sources. It is found that, for periodical discrete chaotic light sources, the HBT bunching effect collapses first but then revives repeatedly at specific transverse distances between two detectors in the far-field detection plane, which is very different from the HBT bunching effect with a spatially continuous chaotic light source. Such transverse revivals of the HBT bunching effect are the result of in-phase superposition of all discrete two-photon eigen modes of the periodical discrete chaotic light sources. In addition to the integer HBT bunching revival, the fractional HBT bunching revival can also be observed with nonperiodical discrete chaotic light sources due to the in-phase constructive interference of parts of the two-photon eigen modes. Experimental verification on both the integer and the fractional HBT bunching revivals are given. The transverse revival and fractional revival of the HBT bunching effect provide an efficient way for imaging processing such as ghost image copy in the detection plane.

DOI
10.1103/physreva.99.023848

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We studied the Hanbury Brown and Twiss (HBT) bunching effect of discrete chaotic light sources. It is found that, for periodical discrete chaotic light sources, the HBT bunching effect collapses first but then revives repeatedly at specific transverse distances between two detectors in the far-field detection plane, which is very different from the HBT bunching effect with a spatially continuous chaotic light source. Such transverse revivals of the HBT bunching effect are the result of in-phase superposition of all discrete two-photon eigen modes of the periodical discrete chaotic light sources. In addition to the integer HBT bunching revival, the fractional HBT bunching revival can also be observed with nonperiodical discrete chaotic light sources due to the in-phase constructive interference of parts of the two-photon eigen modes. Experimental verification on both the integer and the fractional HBT bunching revivals are given. The transverse revival and fractional revival of the HBT bunching effect provide an efficient way for imaging processing such as ghost image copy in the detection plane.
We compare the Hanbury Brown--Twiss (HBT) and the thermal light ghost imaging schemes in both near and far fields. Both effects arise as a result of the intensity fluctuations of the thermal light and we find that the essential physics behind the two effects is the same. The difference however is that, in the ghost imaging, large number of bits information of an object needs to be treated together, whereas, in the HBT, there is only one bit information required to be obtained. In the HBT experiment far field is used for the purpose of easy detection, while in the ghost image experiment near (or not far) field is used for good quality image.
Usually HBT effect can be interpreted by classical (intensity fluctuation correlation) and quantum (interference of two-photon probability amplitudes) theories properly at the same time. In this manuscript, we report a deliberately designed experiment in which two chaotic light beams has the same intensity fluctuation but mutual-orthogonal polarizations to each other so there will be no interference of two-photon probability amplitudes. Classical and quantum theory give different predictions on if there should be HBT (photon bunching) effect or not in the experiment. The experiment results are used to test the two different predictions. At the end, both the temporal and spatial HBT effects are observed.
Spatiotemporal coupling is present when the electric fields of any pulsed beams fail to separate into a product of purely spatial and temporal factors, and it affects ultimately on the propagation of the light. Here we study the effect of spatiotemporal coupling on the Hanbury Brown and Twiss (HBT) effect for the first time, with the help of our recent developed method [ Opt. Express 28 , 32077 ( 2020 ) 10.1364/OE.405726 ], by assuming the Gaussian statistics of partially coherent spatiotemporal pulsed sources containing the intensity and correlation coupling effect between the spatial and temporal domain. The generalized results for the spatiotemporal coupling HBT effect are investigated and through a nontrivial two-dimensional case, we numerically illustrate the influence of the spatiotemporal coupling on the HBT effect. It observes that even a very tiny coupling effect will strongly change the HBT effect at longer distances. This work will be potentially useful for the study of the HBT effect (intensity-intensity correlations) with dynamic sources having spatiotemporal coupling in both optics and other branches of physics.
Hanbury Brown and Twiss (HBT) effect has broad applications in optics and other branches of physics, and traditionally this effect is considered in pure spatial or temporal domain. Here we investigate the spatiotemporal HBT effect, extending this phenomenon from spatial or temporal to spatiotemporal domain. By assuming the Gaussian statistics of partially coherent spatiotemporal pulsed sources, we find the generalized analytical results for spatiotemporal HBT effect in the compact form, with the help of the matrix-optics method, which can consider the HBT effect in spatial and temporal domain simultaneously. Furthermore, for Gaussian Schell-model pulsed beams (GSMPBs) used as a spatiotemporal correlated source, we have obtained the generalized expression to calculate spatiotemporal HBT effect, which is useful for up to three-dimensional cases in any second-order linear dispersive medium. By taking a simple two-dimensional case and using air as an example of a linear dispersive medium, we numerically illustrate the properties of the spatiotemporal HBT effect by adjusting the spatial and temporal parameters of the GSMPB source, and reveal the influence of both the spatial and temporal parameters on the spatiotemporal HBT effect. This work paves the path towards the detailed study of HBT effect for a source containing spatiotemporal information with Gaussian statistics.
The observation of the Hanbury Brown and Twiss (HBT) effect with thermal light marked the birth of quantum optics. All the thermal sources considered to date did not feature quantum signatures of light, as they consisted of independent emitters that emit uncorrelated photons. Here, we propose and demonstrate an incoherent light source based on phase-randomized spatially entangled photons, which we coin thermal biphotons. We show that in contrast to thermal light, the width of the HBT peak for thermal biphotons is determined by their correlations, leading to violation of the Siegert relation and breakdown of the speckle-fluctuations interpretation. We further provide an alternative interpretation of the results by drawing a connection between the HBT effect and coherent backscattering of light. Finally, we discuss the role of spatial entanglement in the observed results, deriving a relation between the Schmidt number and the degree of violation of the Siegert relation under the double-Gaussian approximation of spontaneous parametric down conversion. Our work reflects new insights on the coherence properties of thermal light in the presence of entanglement, paving the way for entanglement certification using disorder averaged measurements.
Abstract Hanbury-Brown and Twiss (HBT) effect is the foundation for stellar intensity interferometry. However, it is a phase insensitive two-photon interference effect. Here we extend the HBT interferometer by mixing a reference field with the input fields before intensity correlation measurement. With the freely available coherent state serving as the reference field, we experimentally demonstrate the phase sensitive two-photon interference effect when the input fields are thermal fields in either continuous wave or non-stationary pulsed wave and measure the complete complex second-order coherence function of the input fields without bringing them together from separate locations. Moreover, we discuss how to improve the signal level by using the more realistic continuous wave broadband anti-bunched light fields as the reference field. Our investigations pave the way for developing new technology of remote sensing and coherent imaging.