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Soviet Physics Uspekhi

Resonance light pressure

A. P. Kazantsev

Published Jan 31, 1978• 70 citations
Publisher

Abstract

The forces acting on a resonance particle in the fields of laser radiation sources can be large. Acceleration, heating, and cooling of atoms by using these forces are discussed. Since the forces are of a resonance type, one can employ them to separate isotopes and excited atoms from unexcited atoms. Light pressure can play an important role in the spectroscopy of narrow atomic and molecular resonances. The quantum features of the motion of particles in a standing light wave are manifested in a fine structure of the absorption coefficient. This review is concerned with analyzing the resonance light-pressure forces and discussing the application of them in optics and quantum electronics.

DOI
10.1070/pu1978v021n01abeh005509

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The forces acting on a resonance particle in the fields of laser radiation sources can be large. Acceleration, heating, and cooling of atoms by using these forces are discussed. Since the forces are of a resonance type, one can employ them to separate isotopes and excited atoms from unexcited atoms. Light pressure can play an important role in the spectroscopy of narrow atomic and molecular resonances. The quantum features of the motion of particles in a standing light wave are manifested in a fine structure of the absorption coefficient. This review is concerned with analyzing the resonance light-pressure forces and discussing the application of them in optics and quantum electronics.
The present state of research on the cooling of atomic ensembles by means of laser radiation pressure is discussed. First the basic theory of resonance radiation pressure is reviewed. The effect of recoil on the drift and fluctuations of the momentum of an atom interacting with resonance radiation is examined. There is an analysis of the forces acting on an atom in some simple light fields: a traveling plane wave, a Gaussian beam, and counterpropagating Gaussian beams. The review then focuses on the monochromatization of atoms by resonance radiation pressure and related methods for laser cooling of atoms. The roles played by the radiation pressure force and by momentum diffusion in shaping the narrow velocity distributions of the ensemble of atoms are analyzed. The lowest temperature obtainable in the radiation cooling of atoms is estimated. The basic experimental methods for laser cooling of atomic beams are described. Problems of the three-dimensional cooling of atomic ensembles and problems of localizing cold atoms in light fields, steady-state magnetic fields, and electrostatic fields are discussed. The review concludes with a discussion of some applications of cold atoms in high-precision spectroscopy, frequency standards, and atomic physics.
Use of lasers has revolutionized the study and applications of radiation pressure. Light forces have been achieved which strongly affect the dynamics of individual small particles. It is now possible to optically accelerate, slow, stably trap, and manipulate micrometer-sized dielectric particles and atoms. This leads to a diversity of new scientific and practical applications in fields where small particles play a role, such as light scattering, cloud physics, aerosol science, atomic physics, quantum optics, and high-resolution spectroscopy.
The influence of the resonance light pressure on the motion of atoms and molecules is studied. A kinetic equation has been obtained describing the action on particles of both the mean force of light pressure and its fluctuations. The forces that are considered are due to spontaneous and stimulated transitions and also to a certain combination thereof. The kinetic equation is used to describe the scattering of atoms in conditions close to the experimental ones [16]. The temperature of atoms cooled in a standing wave with the aid of the force of light pressure of the combined type has also been found.
The forces acting on interacting moving atoms exposed to resonant laser radiation are calculated. It is shown that the forces acting on the atoms include the radiation pressure forces as well as the external and internal bias forces. The dependences of the forces on the atomic spacing, polarization, and laser radiation frequency are given. It is found that the internal bias force associated with the interaction of atomic dipoles via the reemitted field may play an important role in the dynamics of dense atomic ensembles in a light field. It is shown that optical size resonances appear in the system of interacting atoms at frequencies differing substantially from transition frequencies in the spectrum of atoms. It is noted that optical size resonances as well as the Doppler frequency shift in the spectrum of interacting atoms play a significant role in the processes of laser-radiation-controlled motion of the atoms.