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Journal of Physics B Atomic Molecular and Optical Physics

Hyperfine effects in electromagnetically induced transparency

S D Badger, Ifan G. Hughes, Charles S. Adams

Published Nov 9, 2001• 51 citations
Publisher

Abstract

The role of hyperfine structure in electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) is investigated by studying the 5S1/2-5P3/2-5D3/2,5/2 cascade system in 85Rb and 87Rb. We show that if the hyperfine splitting Δhfs is larger than the Rabi frequency of the coupling beam, Ωc, then the observed EIT spectra can be modelled by adding terms corresponding to each hyperfine state. However, in the strong-coupling limit, Ωc>>Δhfs, a complete multilevel description is required.

DOI
10.1088/0953-4075/34/22/107

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Proceedings of SPIE, the International Society for Optical Engineering/Proceedings of SPIE•Feb 9, 2006•0 citations
The role of hyperfine structure in electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) is investigated by studying the 5S1/2-5P3/2-5D3/2,5/2 cascade system in 85Rb and 87Rb. We show that if the hyperfine splitting Δhfs is larger than the Rabi frequency of the coupling beam, Ωc, then the observed EIT spectra can be modelled by adding terms corresponding to each hyperfine state. However, in the strong-coupling limit, Ωc>>Δhfs, a complete multilevel description is required.
We have studied electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) in the 5S1/2−5P3/2−5D5/2 ladder-type system of Rb. We observed relative changing magnitude of EIT hyperfine structures depending on not only the polarizations of the lasers but also the intensity of the coupling laser. The coupling-intensity effects are attributed to the nonlinear increase of the EIT signal to the coupling intensity. EIT signals nonlinear on the coupling intensity are analyzed by considering coherent interaction between atom and laser fields.
Multiphoton electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) of atomic vapors involves several intermediate atomic levels. The substructure of these levels and their collisional interactions can drastically alter experimental EIT signals. Here we report on hyperfine structure and collision effects in three-photon Rydberg EIT on the cascade $5{S}_{1/2}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}\phantom{\rule{4pt}{0ex}}5{P}_{1/2}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}5{D}_{3/2}\phantom{\rule{4pt}{0ex}}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}25{F}_{5/2}$ in a room-temperature 85Rb^{85}\mathrm{Rb}85Rb vapor cell. In our measurements of EIT spectra, we identify two types of EIT signatures that correspond with distinct excitation pathways and atomic velocity classes in the atomic vapor. The 5D3/25{D}_{3/2}5D3/2​ hyperfine structure and Autler-Townes splittings lead to complex patterns in the EIT spectra, which we analyze with the aid of 10-level EIT simulations. Adding 50 mTorr of Ar gas alters the EIT spectra and induces an additional, third EIT mode. Based on our simulation results, we attribute these changes to hyperfine collisions in the Rb 5D3/25{D}_{3/2}5D3/2​ level. Our study may become useful in quantum technologies involving Rydberg EIT and hyperfine collisions in vapor cells, including noninvasive spatiotemporally resolved electric-field sensing of electric fields in low-pressure plasmas.
Observation of transient effects in electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) is reported in Rb85{\mathrm{Rb}}^{85}Rb85 cooled in a magneto-optical trap. The transmission of a weak probe beam in resonance with the 5S1/2(F=3){5S}_{1/2}(F=3)5S1/2​(F=3) to 5P3/2(F=3){5P}_{3/2}(F=3)5P3/2​(F=3) hyperfine transition increased transiently when a relatively strong coupling field in resonance with the 5S1/2(F=2){5S}_{1/2}(F=2)5S1/2​(F=2) to 5P3/2(F=3){5P}_{3/2}(F=3)5P3/2​(F=3) hyperfine transition was switched on rapidly using a Pockels cell. The probe transient showed an initial Rabi half-cycle overshoot before settling down to steady-state EIT. The results agreed well with computations using a three-state model of the \ensuremath{\Lambda} system. The computations also suggest that transient gain should be observed with coupling field power only four times larger than that presently available to us.
We report the hyperfine splitting measurement of the 85Rb 5D5/2 state by electromagnetically induced transparency spectroscopy with high signal-to-noise ratio in the 85Rb 5S1/2-5P3/2-5D5/2 ladder-type system (m 780 nm + 776 nm). The frequency calibration is performed by employing a phase-type electro-optic modulator with a confocal Fabry-Perot cavity. From the measured hyperfine splittings among the manifolds of (F=5), (F=4) and (F=3) of the 85Rb 5D5/2 state, we determine the magnetic dipole hyperfine coupling constant (A= (-2.222 0.019) MHz) and the quadrupole coupling constant (B= (2.664 0.130) MHz) of 5D5/2 state of 85Rb atoms.
We report electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) in cold 85 Rb atoms, trapped in the lower hyperfine level F = 2, of the ground state 5 2 S 1/2 (Tiwari V B et al 2008 Phys. Rev. A 78 063421). Two steady-state Λ-type systems of hyperfine energy levels are investigated using probe transitions into the levels F ′ = 2 and F ′ = 3 of the excited state 5 2 P 3/2 in the presence of coupling transitions F = 3 → F ′ = 2 and F = 3 → F ′ = 3, respectively. The effects of uncoupled magnetic sublevel transitions and coupling field's Rabi frequency on the EIT signal from these systems are studied using a simple theoretical model.
We investigate both theoretically and experimentally the electro- magnetically induced transparency (EIT) phenomenon of atomic 87Rb at the room temperature with a static magnetic field lifting the degeneracy of all three involved hyperfine levels. Two collinearly propagating and linearly polarized laser fields (a probe field and a coupling field) are used to couple one hyperfine level (the upper level) of the 5P1/2 state to two hyperfine levels (the lower levels) of the 5S1/2 state, respectively. In the case of zero magnetic fields, we observed a deep EIT window with the contrast of about 66%. Here, the EIT window width is limited by both the spontaneous decay rate of the upper level and the coupling field intensity. When a magnetic field parallel to both laser beams is applied, the EIT window is split into three much narrower sub-windows with contrasts of about 32%. If the magnetic field is perpendicular to the laser beams, however, the EIT window is split into four much narrower sub-windows whose contrasts are 32% or 16%. This is because the decomposition of the linearly polarized optical fields strongly depends on the orientation of the used magnetic field. The underlying physics is that, in the limit of a weak probe field, an ideal degenerate three-level system can be split into three or four sets of independent three-level systems by a magnetic field due to the lifting of magnetic sublevels of the involved hyperfine levels. In this paper the absorption spectra corresponding to different magnetic field directions are clearly shown and compared. And a straightforward but effective theoretical method for analyzing the experimental results is put forward. Our theoretical calculations are in good agreement with the experimental results.