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Physical Review A

Superfluorescent transitions between high-lying levels in an external electric field

T. Becker, R.-H. Rinkleff

Published Aug 1, 1991• 12 citations
Publisher

Abstract

The occurrence of superfluorescence in the near-infrared regime has been investigated between high-lying levels of Sr, Ba, and Na under the influence of a static homogeneous external electric field. The time inequalities for single-pulse superfluorescence were fulfilled. The measurements show for all the investigated superfluorescent transitions that the square root of the peak intensity of the superfluorescent pulse decreases with the square of the electric-field strength. If one takes into account the dependence of the number of excited atoms, the wavelengths, and the line strengths of the superfluorescent pulses on the electric-field strengths, the experimental findings cannot be explained by well-known theories of superfluorescence.

DOI
10.1103/physreva.44.1806

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Physical Review A•Oct 28, 2021•10 citations
The occurrence of superfluorescence in the near-infrared regime has been investigated between high-lying levels of Sr, Ba, and Na under the influence of a static homogeneous external electric field. The time inequalities for single-pulse superfluorescence were fulfilled. The measurements show for all the investigated superfluorescent transitions that the square root of the peak intensity of the superfluorescent pulse decreases with the square of the electric-field strength. If one takes into account the dependence of the number of excited atoms, the wavelengths, and the line strengths of the superfluorescent pulses on the electric-field strengths, the experimental findings cannot be explained by well-known theories of superfluorescence.
Collective emission in a resonant cavity was observed between high-lying levels in Sr and Ba. These transitions react very sensitively to a static external electric field. The square root of the maximum of the intensity of the superfluorescent pulse decreases linearly with the second power of the electric field strength. The behavior of the maximum of the intensity, of the characteristic superfluorescent time, and of the delay time of the superfluorescent pulse was described in the framework of modified Maxwell-Bloch equations and explained by a change of the characteristic time constant of the superfluorescent pulse.
We study the superfluorescence (SF) from a gas of rubidium atoms. The atoms of a dense vapor are excited to the 5D5D5D state from the 5S5S5S state by a two-photon process driven by 100-fs laser pulses. The atoms decay to the 6P6P6P state and then to the 5S5S5S state. The SF emission at 420 nm on the 6P6P6P--5S5S5S transition is recorded by a streak camera with picosecond time resolution. The time duration of the generated SF is tens of picoseconds, which is much shorter than the time scale of the usual relaxation processes, including spontaneous emission and atomic coherence dephasing. The dependence of the time delay between the reference input pulse and SF is measured as a function of laser power. The experimental data are described quantitatively by a simulation based on the semiclassical atom-field interaction theory. The observed change in scaling laws for the peak intensity and delay time can be elucidated by an SF theory in which the sample length is larger than the cooperation length.
Abstract We report the observation of superfluourescence at wavelengths (in air) of 501.6 nm, 667.8 nm, and 728.1 nm following the excitation of helium atoms with free-electron laser pulses at wavelengths of 53.7 nm ( n = 3 excitation) and 52.2 nm ( n = 4 excitation). The observed wavelengths of the superfluorescence pulses correspond to 1s3p–1s2s, 1s3d–1s2p, and 1s3s–1s2p transitions. Observation of superfluorescence on these transitions implies either competing cascade decays, or direct excitation of non-dipole allowed transitions. We have studied the time structure of the emitted pulses using a streak camera, and the results cannot be explained by straightforward considerations using the usual model for two-level superfluorescence.
The dynamics of the pulse shape and spectra of superfluorescence, stimulated superradiance, and coherent amplification of ultrashort light pulses is studied for a system of four-level atoms under incoherent cw pumping taking into account homogeneous and inhomogeneous broadening of the luminescence lines. It is found that incoherent pumping at a high level of excitation may significantly change the shape of the emission pulse in cooperative coherent processes. Also, it is found that, depending on the ratio of parameters of the pump, nonradiative transitions, and relaxation, different regimes of superfluorescence and stimulated superradiance may be realized.
Correlation of the parameters (delay times, peak intensities) of counterpropagating superfluorescence pulses is studied within the framework of a one-dimensional theoretical model depending on the sharpness of boundaries of the excitation region. The concentration N 0 of the initially excited active centers is described by a smoothed profile (decaying to zero within the h − and h + wide intervals at the left-and right-hand ends of the sample, respectively), rather than by a rectangular profile. It is established that variation of the excitation region boundary widths h ± does not eliminate the observed correlations. Moreover, the correlations can significantly increase for the samples with a length of L = n λ/2, where n is any natural number and λ is the resonance light wavelength. The oscillating dependence of the parameters of counterpropagating superfluorescence pulses on the h ± values and a significant asymmetry of these pulses for h − ≠ h + are discussed.
In this work, we have experimentally and theoretically investigated the high-lying Rydberg state excitation for noble gas atoms subject to an intense near-infrared laser field. To obtain the signal of these high-lying Rydberg atoms which are further ionized by a constant electric field (Fc)({F}_{c})(Fc​), coincident detection of the photoelectrons and photoions with well-chosen arrival times is performed. Based on a fitting to the time dependence of the coincidently measured photofragment yields with a semiempirical formula, we can extract a principal quantum number distribution (PQND) of the population of the excited states in a range closely related to the strength of Fc{F}_{c}Fc​. The extracted valid PQND is in qualitative agreement with a semiclassical model calculation. Our work thus provides a method to extract the PQND and study the ultrafast high-lying Rydberg state excitation.