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Physical Review A

Cooperative effects in a one-photon micromaser with atomic polarization

M. L. Ladrón de Guevara, Miguel Orszag, R. Ramírez, Luis Roa

Published Mar 1, 1997• 7 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We study the cooperative effects in a one-photon micromaser with atomic polarization. We find that the injected polarization makes the micromaser more insensitive to cooperative effects as compared to the unpolarized case. Although probability diffusion in phase space takes place and spikes develop in the average photon number, the squeezing properties of the cotangent states are more affected by the cavity losses than by the presence of two atoms in the micromaser cavity.

DOI
10.1103/physreva.55.2471

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We study the cooperative effects in a one-photon micromaser with atomic polarization. We find that the injected polarization makes the micromaser more insensitive to cooperative effects as compared to the unpolarized case. Although probability diffusion in phase space takes place and spikes develop in the average photon number, the squeezing properties of the cotangent states are more affected by the cavity losses than by the presence of two atoms in the micromaser cavity.
We investigate signals of trapping states in the micromaser system in terms of the average number ⟨n⟩⟨n⟩⟨n⟩ of cavity photons as well as a suitably defined correlation length of atoms leaving the cavity. In the description of collective two-atom effects we allow the mean number, ϵϵϵ, of pump atoms inside the cavity during the characteristic atomic cavity transit time to be as large as of order one. The master equation we consider, which describes the micromaser including collective two-atom effects, still exhibits trapping states for $ϵ\ensuremath{\ne}0$, even for a mean number of atoms inside the cavity close to one. We, however, argue more importantly that the trapping states are more pronounced in terms of the correlation length as compared to ⟨n⟩⟨n⟩⟨n⟩, i.e., we suggest that trapping states can be more clearly revealed experimentally in terms of the atom correlation length. For axion detection in the micromaser this observable may, therefore, be an essential ingredient.
We consider a micromaser model to study the influence of Dicke superradiance in the context of the one-atom maser. The model involves a microwave cavity into which two-level Rydberg atoms are pumped in pairs. We consider a random pump mechanism which allows the presence of at most one pair of atoms in the cavity at any time. We analyze the differences between the present system, called the Dicke micromaser, and an equivalently pumped conventional one-atom micromaser. These differences are attributed to the Dicke cooperativity in the two-atom system. We also show that the two-atom Dicke micromaser is equivalent to a one-atom cascade two-photon micromaser. With the introduction of a one-photon detuning, the present theory further describes a true two-photon micromaser. We discuss in detail the role of one-photon detuning in the mechanism of a one-atom two-photon micromaser. This leads us to point out that the two-atom cavity dynamics can be verified by a proper scaling of the results from an equivalent one-atom two-photon micromaser.
We investigate the dynamics of a micromaser continuously driven by a resonant coherent field and pumped by atoms injected in superposition states. We formulate a master equation for the system, and by a Monte Carlo wave-function approach we describe the steady-state behavior as a function of atomic-transit time or driving-field intensity. The combined action of polarized atoms and driving field can lead to enhancement or suppression of coherence in system dynamics, including nonclassical effects such as quadrature squeezing, sub-Poissonian photon statistics, and revival of Rabi oscillations, as well as to shifts of the induced cavity-field phase. These results show the possibility of manipulating both the photon number and the phase of the cavity field.