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arXiv:quant-ph/0001013

Effects of Dicke superradiance in context of the one-atom maser

N. Nayak, A. S. Majumdar, Vasileios Bartzis

Published Jan 7, 2000• 0 citations
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Abstract

We consider a micromaser model to study the influence of Dicke superradiance in the context of the one-atom maser. The model involves a microwave cavity into which two-level Rydberg atoms are pumped in pairs. We consider a random pump mechanism which allows the presence of at most one pair of atoms in the cavity at any time. We analyze the differences between the present system, called the Dicke micromaser, and an equivalently pumped conventional one-atom micromaser. These differences are attributed to the Dicke cooperativity in the two-atom system. We also show that the two-atom Dicke micromaser is equivalent to a one-atom cascade two-photon micromaser. With the introduction of a one-photon detuning, the present theory further describes a true two-photon micromaser. We discuss in detail the role of one-photon detuning in the mechanism of a one-atom two-photon micromaser. This leads us to point out that the two-atom cavity dynamics can be verified by a proper scaling of the results from an equivalent one-atom two-photon micromaser.

DOI
10.48550/arxiv.quant-ph/0001013

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A Rydberg atom maser operated on a two-photon degenerate atomic transition is discussed. This device combines two interesting features: it is a quantum oscillator working on an intrinsically nonlinear effect and it is a micromaser, with only a few atoms and a few tens of photons at a time in the cavity. The reasons why Rydberg atom-superconducting cavity systems are well adapted for two-photon maser studies are discussed, and the main properties of the device are analyzed by comparing it to Rydberg masers operating on one-photon transitions.>
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We have developed a quantum theory of the micromaser for a pair of two-level atoms for the case of one- and two-photon transition coupling. We have studied the effect of co-operativity on the photon statistics for these systems for different coupling constant ratios. It is found that for equal coupling, our system of a two-atom, one-photon micromaser behaves like a double one-photon cascade micromaser. Similarly, for equal coupling, the photon statistics of the two-atom, two-photon micromaser reduces to that of a three-level, four-photon cascade micromaser.
The microscopically pumped maser, or micromaser is a cavity QED experiment intended to be a physical realisation of the Jaynes-Cummings model of a single two-level atom interacting with a single mode electromagnetic field. This is the simplest model that describes the interaction between light and matter, yet it predicts behaviour unexpected from semiclassical models, such as the revival of Rabi oscillations of an atom interacting with an initially coherent field and non-monotonic linewidth as a function of pumping. The micromaser at the University of Leeds consists of a high quality superconducting microwave cavity designed to be resonant with the transition between two specific Rydberg states of rubidium. These two states behave like an ideal two level atom, and couple strongly to the cavity field due to a large dipole moment. These Rydberg atoms are passed through the cavity in a rarified beam such that in most instances when there is an atom in the cavity, there will only be one, closely approximating the Jaynes-Cummings model. I present experimental work on the build phase of the micromaser. Specifically I routed all of the wiring and microwave lines in the cryostat that contains the micromaser, and designed mounts for various components. I also designed several testing methods for probing high quality microwave cavity resonances and quality factors which are presented. Using the Jaynes-Cummings model as a prototype, I demonstrate how extensions to the model can be used to construct universal quantum logic gates that operate on photonic qubits in a multi-mode cavity. This could be realised in a micromaser with a multi-mode cavity. Conversely, I demonstrate that by using atoms as qubits, detuned cavities can be used to generate entangled resources such as the Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger state, the W state, and graph states of atoms. I show that single qubit rotations on Rydberg atom qubits have already been experimentally demonstrated so that in combination these entangled resources are useful for quantum metrology, quantum computation and even tests of quantum gravity.
The polarization properties of one-atom maser pumped by the coherent field via Raman transitions are studied theoretically. The three-level Λ-type atoms with degenerate Rydberg levels E b < E a < E c enter the micromaser cavity being excited to the lower level E b . The coherent microwave field drives the transition b → c , while the maser transition a → c is coupled to the cavity quantum field. The dependence of the maser field parameters, such as the mean photon number and the variance, as well as of the correlation functions of the atoms, emerging from the cavity, versus the angle ψ between the polarizations of the maser and driving fields are investigated. The case of transitions J b = 3/2 → J c = 3/2 and J a = 5/2 → J c = 3/2 in the rubidium atoms, which are exploited in micromaser experiments (see, e.g., the review [1]), is analyzed numerically. The possibility of monitoring the state of the maser field by means of driving field polarization is discussed.