Physical Review A

Measurement of hyperfine structure of the 8S122 and 9S122 states of rubidium, and 12S122 state of cesium by stepwise dye-laser spectroscopy

Pericles G. Tsekeris, R. Gupta

Published Feb 1, 1975• 20 citations

Abstract

The hyperfine structures of the $8^{2}S_{\frac{1}{2}}$ and $9^{2}S_{\frac{1}{2}}$ states of $^{87}\mathrm{Rb}$ and of the $12^{2}S_{\frac{1}{2}}$ state of $^{133}\mathrm{Cs}$ have been measured by the method of stepwise excitation spectroscopy using a cw dye laser. We measure the magnetic dipole coupling constants to be $A(8^{2}S_{\frac{1}{2}}, ^{87}\mathrm{Rb})=159.2\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}1.5$ MHz, $A(9^{2}S_{\frac{1}{2}}, ^{87}\mathrm{Rb})=90.9\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.8$ MHz, and $A(12^{2}S_{\frac{1}{2}}, ^{133}\mathrm{Cs})=26.31\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.10$ MHz.

DOI: 10.1103/physreva.11.455

Related papers

Hyperfine-structure measurements in the Rydberg S and P states of rubidium and cesium

John W. Farley, Pericles G. Tsekeris, R. Gupta

Physical Review AApr 1, 197728 citations

Hyperfine structure and lifetime measurements of the second-excited D states of rubidium and cesium by cascade fluorescence spectroscopy

C. Tai, W. Happer, R. Gupta

Physical Review ASep 1, 197546 citations

Cascade Radio-Frequency Spectroscopy of Excited S and D States of Rubidium; Anomalous D -State Hyperfine Structure

R. Gupta, Sharon Chang, C. Tai +1 more

Physical Review LettersSep 11, 197247 citations

Hyperfine-structure investigation of highly excited D2 levels in Rb87 and Cs133 using a cw tunable dye laser in a two-step excitation scheme

Sune R. Svanberg, Pericles G. Tsekeris

Physical Review AApr 1, 197546 citations

Hyperfine-Structure Studies of Highly Excited D and F Levels in Alkali Atoms Using a cw Tunable Dye Laser

Sune R. Svanberg, Pericles G. Tsekeris, W. Happer

Physical Review LettersApr 30, 197389 citations

Radiofrequency spectroscopy of the 5S122 state of Na23 : Hyperfine-structure measurement

Pericles G. Tsekeris, K. H. Liao, R. Gupta

Physical Review AJun 1, 197615 citations

Physical Review A

Measurement of hyperfine structure of the 8S122 and 9S122 states of rubidium, and 12S122 state of cesium by stepwise dye-laser spectroscopy

Pericles G. Tsekeris, R. Gupta

Published Feb 1, 1975• 20 citations

Publisher

Abstract

The hyperfine structures of the

8^{2}S_{\frac{1}{2}}

and

9^{2}S_{\frac{1}{2}}

states of

^{87}\mathrm{Rb}

and of the

12^{2}S_{\frac{1}{2}}

state of

^{133}\mathrm{Cs}

have been measured by the method of stepwise excitation spectroscopy using a cw dye laser. We measure the magnetic dipole coupling constants to be

A(8^{2}S_{\frac{1}{2}}, ^{87}\mathrm{Rb})=159.2\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}1.5

MHz,

A(9^{2}S_{\frac{1}{2}}, ^{87}\mathrm{Rb})=90.9\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.8

MHz, and

A(12^{2}S_{\frac{1}{2}}, ^{133}\mathrm{Cs})=26.31\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.10

MHz.

DOI: 10.1103/physreva.11.455

Related papers

Hyperfine-structure measurements in the Rydberg S and P states of rubidium and cesium

John W. Farley, Pericles G. Tsekeris, R. Gupta

We have measured the hyperfine structure in many highly-excited $S$ and $P$ states of $^{87}\mathrm{Rb}$ and $^{133}\mathrm{Cs}$ . The results for the magnetic-dipole coupling constants are, in MHz, for $^{87}\mathrm{Rb}$ : $A(10^{2}S_{\frac{1}{2}})=56.3(2)$ , $A(11^{2}S_{\frac{1}{2}})=37.4(3)$ ; and for $^{133}\mathrm{Cs}$ : $A(9^{2}S_{\frac{1}{2}})=110.1(5)$ , $A(13^{2}S_{\frac{1}{2}})=18.4(1)$ , $A(14^{2}S_{\frac{1}{2}})=13.4(1)$ , $A(15^{2}S_{\frac{1}{2}})=10.1(1)$ , $A(16^{2}S_{\frac{1}{2}})=7.73(5)$ , $A(17^{2}S_{\frac{1}{2}})=6.06(10)$ , $A(10^{2}P_{\frac{1}{2}})=13.9(2)$ .We have measured the hyperfine structure in many highly-excited $S$ and $P$ states of $^{87}\mathrm{Rb}$ and $^{133}\mathrm{Cs}$. The results for the magnetic-dipole coupling constants are, in MHz, for $^{87}\mathrm{Rb}$: $A(10^{2}S_{\frac{1}{2}})=56.3(2)$, $A(11^{2}S_{\frac{1}{2}})=37.4(3)$; and for $^{133}\mathrm{Cs}$: $A(9^{2}S_{\frac{1}{2}})=110.1(5)$, $A(13^{2}S_{\frac{1}{2}})=18.4(1)$, $A(14^{2}S_{\frac{1}{2}})=13.4(1)$, $A(15^{2}S_{\frac{1}{2}})=10.1(1)$, $A(16^{2}S_{\frac{1}{2}})=7.73(5)$, $A(17^{2}S_{\frac{1}{2}})=6.06(10)$, $A(10^{2}P_{\frac{1}{2}})=13.9(2)$.

Physical Review AApr 1, 197728 citations

Hyperfine structure and lifetime measurements of the second-excited D states of rubidium and cesium by cascade fluorescence spectroscopy

C. Tai, W. Happer, R. Gupta

The hyperfine structure of the second-excited $D$ states of $^{85}\mathrm{Rb}$ , $^{85}\mathrm{Rb}$ , and $^{133}\mathrm{Cs}$ has been measured by the method of cascade-radio-frequency spectroscopy and cascade-level crossing. The sign of the magnetic-dipole coupling constant $A$ is determined by the method of cascade-decoupling and cascade-radio-frequency spectroscopy with narrow-band excitation. Lifetimes $\ensuremath{\tau}$ of some of these states are measured by the cascade-Hanle effect. We find that for $^{87}\mathrm{Rb}$ , $A(5^{2}D_{\frac{3}{2}})=14.43\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.23$ MHz, $A(5^{2}D_{\frac{5}{2}})=\ensuremath{-}7.44\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.10$ MHz, $\ensuremath{\tau}(5^{2}D_{\frac{3}{2}})=205\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}40$ nsec; for $^{85}\mathrm{Rb}$ , $A(5^{2}D_{\frac{3}{2}})=4.18\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.20$ MHz, $A(5^{2}D_{\frac{5}{2}})=\ensuremath{-}2.12\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.20$ MHz; for $^{133}\mathrm{Cs}$ , $A(6^{2}D_{\frac{3}{2}})=16.30\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.15$ MHz, $A(6^{2}D_{\frac{5}{2}})=\ensuremath{-}3.6\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}1.0$ MHz, $\ensuremath{\tau}(6^{2}D_{\frac{3}{2}})=57\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}15$ nsec.The hyperfine structure of the second-excited $D$ states of $^{85}\mathrm{Rb}$, $^{85}\mathrm{Rb}$, and $^{133}\mathrm{Cs}$ has been measured by the method of cascade-radio-frequency spectroscopy and cascade-level crossing. The sign of the magnetic-dipole coupling constant $A$ is determined by the method of cascade-decoupling and cascade-radio-frequency spectroscopy with narrow-band excitation. Lifetimes $\ensuremath{\tau}$ of some of these states are measured by the cascade-Hanle effect. We find that for $^{87}\mathrm{Rb}$, $A(5^{2}D_{\frac{3}{2}})=14.43\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.23$ MHz, $A(5^{2}D_{\frac{5}{2}})=\ensuremath{-}7.44\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.10$ MHz, $\ensuremath{\tau}(5^{2}D_{\frac{3}{2}})=205\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}40$ nsec; for $^{85}\mathrm{Rb}$, $A(5^{2}D_{\frac{3}{2}})=4.18\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.20$ MHz, $A(5^{2}D_{\frac{5}{2}})=\ensuremath{-}2.12\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.20$ MHz; for $^{133}\mathrm{Cs}$, $A(6^{2}D_{\frac{3}{2}})=16.30\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.15$ MHz, $A(6^{2}D_{\frac{5}{2}})=\ensuremath{-}3.6\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}1.0$ MHz, $\ensuremath{\tau}(6^{2}D_{\frac{3}{2}})=57\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}15$ nsec.

Physical Review ASep 1, 197546 citations

Cascade Radio-Frequency Spectroscopy of Excited S and D States of Rubidium; Anomalous D -State Hyperfine Structure

R. Gupta, Sharon Chang, C. Tai +1 more

We report the first successful measurements by cascade radio-frequency spectroscopy of the hyperfine structures of excited $S$ and $D$ states of rubidium. We obtain the following magnetic dipole coupling constants (in MHz): for ${\mathrm{Rb}}^{87}$ , $A(7^{2}S_{\frac{1}{2}})=312.5\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}3.5$, $A(5^{2}D_{\frac{3}{2}})=14.1\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.5$, $A(5^{2}D_{\frac{5}{2}})=\ensuremath{-}8.0\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}1.5$; for ${\mathrm{Rb}}^{85}$ , $A(7^{2}S_{\frac{1}{2}})=92.6\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}1.0$, $A(5^{2}D_{\frac{3}{2}})=4.1\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.5$. The anomalous, negative value of $A$ for the $5^{2}D_{\frac{5}{2}}$ state may be related to the anomalously small fine-structure interval of the $5D$ state of rubidium.We report the first successful measurements by cascade radio-frequency spectroscopy of the hyperfine structures of excited $S$ and $D$ states of rubidium. We obtain the following magnetic dipole coupling constants (in MHz): for ${\mathrm{Rb}}^{87}$, $A(7^{2}S_{\frac{1}{2}})=312.5\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}3.5$, $A(5^{2}D_{\frac{3}{2}})=14.1\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.5$, $A(5^{2}D_{\frac{5}{2}})=\ensuremath{-}8.0\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}1.5$; for ${\mathrm{Rb}}^{85}$, $A(7^{2}S_{\frac{1}{2}})=92.6\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}1.0$, $A(5^{2}D_{\frac{3}{2}})=4.1\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.5$. The anomalous, negative value of $A$ for the $5^{2}D_{\frac{5}{2}}$ state may be related to the anomalously small fine-structure interval of the $5D$ state of rubidium.

Physical Review LettersSep 11, 197247 citations

Hyperfine-structure investigation of highly excited D2 levels in Rb87 and Cs133 using a cw tunable dye laser in a two-step excitation scheme

Sune R. Svanberg, Pericles G. Tsekeris

The hyperfine structure of several highly excited $^{2}D$ states in $^{87}\mathrm{Rb}$ and $^{133}\mathrm{Cs}$ has been measured. The $D$ -state atoms were produced in a two-step-excitation process. In the first step, multiple scattering of the strong alkali-metal ${D}_{1}$ and ${D}_{2}$ lines from an rf lamp was used to excite atoms into the first excited $^{2}P$ levels. The intense tunable radiation from a cw dye laser was used in the second step to transfer $P$ -state atoms into highly excited $D$ states. Level-crossing and optical-double-resonance techniques were used for the determination of the absolute values of the hyperfine-interaction constants. The following results (in MHz) were obtained for the magnetic dipole and the electric quadrupole interaction constants $a$ and $b$ : For $^{87}\mathrm{Rb}$ , $|a(6^{2}D_{\frac{3}{2}})|=7.84(5)$ , $|b(6^{2}D_{\frac{3}{2}})|=0.53(6)$ ( $\frac{b}{a}>0$ ), $|a(^{2}D_{\frac{5}{2}})|=3.6(7)$ , $|a(7^{2}D_{\frac{3}{2}})|=4.53(3)$ , $|b(7^{2}D_{\frac{3}{2}})|=0.26(4)$ ( $\frac{b}{a}>0$ ), $|a(7^{2}D_{\frac{5}{2}})|=2.2(5)$ . For $^{133}\mathrm{Cs}$ , $|a(8^{2}D_{\frac{3}{2}})|=3.98(8)$ , $|a(8^{2}D_{\frac{5}{2}})|=0.9(4)$ , $|a(9^{2}D_{\frac{3}{2}})|=2.37(3)$ , $|a(9^{2}D_{\frac{5}{2}})|=0.5(2)$ , $|a(10^{2}D_{\frac{3}{2}})|=1.52(3)$ , $|a(10^{2}D_{\frac{5}{2}})|=0.4(2)$ . The $a$ factors generally deviate strongly from the values expected in a one-electron picture of the alkali-metal atom indicating the importance of polarization and correlation effects for these states. For $^{87}\mathrm{Rb}$ a comparison with a recent calculation including polarization effects is made. The $b$ factors for $^{87}\mathrm{Rb}$ are the first significant values allowing a calculation of an alkali-metal-atom nuclear quadrupole moment from non- $P$ -state data.The hyperfine structure of several highly excited $^{2}D$ states in $^{87}\mathrm{Rb}$ and $^{133}\mathrm{Cs}$ has been measured. The $D$-state atoms were produced in a two-step-excitation process. In the first step, multiple scattering of the strong alkali-metal ${D}_{1}$ and ${D}_{2}$ lines from an rf lamp was used to excite atoms into the first excited $^{2}P$ levels. The intense tunable radiation from a cw dye laser was used in the second step to transfer $P$-state atoms into highly excited $D$ states. Level-crossing and optical-double-resonance techniques were used for the determination of the absolute values of the hyperfine-interaction constants. The following results (in MHz) were obtained for the magnetic dipole and the electric quadrupole interaction constants $a$ and $b$: For $^{87}\mathrm{Rb}$, $|a(6^{2}D_{\frac{3}{2}})|=7.84(5)$, $|b(6^{2}D_{\frac{3}{2}})|=0.53(6)$ ($\frac{b}{a}>0$), $|a(^{2}D_{\frac{5}{2}})|=3.6(7)$, $|a(7^{2}D_{\frac{3}{2}})|=4.53(3)$, $|b(7^{2}D_{\frac{3}{2}})|=0.26(4)$ ($\frac{b}{a}>0$), $|a(7^{2}D_{\frac{5}{2}})|=2.2(5)$. For $^{133}\mathrm{Cs}$, $|a(8^{2}D_{\frac{3}{2}})|=3.98(8)$, $|a(8^{2}D_{\frac{5}{2}})|=0.9(4)$, $|a(9^{2}D_{\frac{3}{2}})|=2.37(3)$, $|a(9^{2}D_{\frac{5}{2}})|=0.5(2)$, $|a(10^{2}D_{\frac{3}{2}})|=1.52(3)$, $|a(10^{2}D_{\frac{5}{2}})|=0.4(2)$. The $a$ factors generally deviate strongly from the values expected in a one-electron picture of the alkali-metal atom indicating the importance of polarization and correlation effects for these states. For $^{87}\mathrm{Rb}$ a comparison with a recent calculation including polarization effects is made. The $b$ factors for $^{87}\mathrm{Rb}$ are the first significant values allowing a calculation of an alkali-metal-atom nuclear quadrupole moment from non-$P$-state data.

Physical Review AApr 1, 197546 citations

Hyperfine-Structure Studies of Highly Excited D and F Levels in Alkali Atoms Using a cw Tunable Dye Laser

Sune R. Svanberg, Pericles G. Tsekeris, W. Happer

Highly excited $S$ , $D$ , and $F$ levels in cesium and rubidium have been populated utilizing a two-step optical excitation method. In the first step an rf lamp is used to transfer atoms into the first $P$ states, and the subsequent excitation is performed with the tunable radiation of a cw dye laser. We give results for the hyperfine structure of several $D$ and $F$ states in ${\mathrm{Cs}}^{133}$ and ${\mathrm{Rb}}^{87}$ , obtained in level-crossing and optical double resonance experiments.Highly excited $S$, $D$, and $F$ levels in cesium and rubidium have been populated utilizing a two-step optical excitation method. In the first step an rf lamp is used to transfer atoms into the first $P$ states, and the subsequent excitation is performed with the tunable radiation of a cw dye laser. We give results for the hyperfine structure of several $D$ and $F$ states in ${\mathrm{Cs}}^{133}$ and ${\mathrm{Rb}}^{87}$, obtained in level-crossing and optical double resonance experiments.

Physical Review LettersApr 30, 197389 citations

Radiofrequency spectroscopy of the 5S122 state of Na23 : Hyperfine-structure measurement

Pericles G. Tsekeris, K. H. Liao, R. Gupta

We have measured the hyperfine structure of the $5^{2}S_{\frac{1}{2}}$ state of $^{23}\mathrm{Na}$ by radiofrequency spectroscopy. We find the magnetic dipole coupling constant to be $A=77.6\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.2$ MHz.We have measured the hyperfine structure of the $5^{2}S_{\frac{1}{2}}$ state of $^{23}\mathrm{Na}$ by radiofrequency spectroscopy. We find the magnetic dipole coupling constant to be $A=77.6\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.2$ MHz.

Physical Review AJun 1, 197615 citations

The hyperfine structures of the

8^{2}S_{\frac{1}{2}}

and

9^{2}S_{\frac{1}{2}}

states of

^{87}\mathrm{Rb}

and of the

12^{2}S_{\frac{1}{2}}

state of

^{133}\mathrm{Cs}

have been measured by the method of stepwise excitation spectroscopy using a cw dye laser. We measure the magnetic dipole coupling constants to be

A(8^{2}S_{\frac{1}{2}}, ^{87}\mathrm{Rb})=159.2\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}1.5

MHz,

A(9^{2}S_{\frac{1}{2}}, ^{87}\mathrm{Rb})=90.9\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.8

MHz, and

A(12^{2}S_{\frac{1}{2}}, ^{133}\mathrm{Cs})=26.31\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.10

MHz.

We have measured the hyperfine structure in many highly-excited

S

and

P

states of

^{87}\mathrm{Rb}

and

^{133}\mathrm{Cs}

. The results for the magnetic-dipole coupling constants are, in MHz, for

^{87}\mathrm{Rb}

A(10^{2}S_{\frac{1}{2}})=56.3(2)

A(11^{2}S_{\frac{1}{2}})=37.4(3)

; and for

^{133}\mathrm{Cs}

A(9^{2}S_{\frac{1}{2}})=110.1(5)

A(13^{2}S_{\frac{1}{2}})=18.4(1)

A(14^{2}S_{\frac{1}{2}})=13.4(1)

A(15^{2}S_{\frac{1}{2}})=10.1(1)

A(16^{2}S_{\frac{1}{2}})=7.73(5)

A(17^{2}S_{\frac{1}{2}})=6.06(10)

A(10^{2}P_{\frac{1}{2}})=13.9(2)

The hyperfine structure of the second-excited

D

states of

^{85}\mathrm{Rb}

^{85}\mathrm{Rb}

, and

^{133}\mathrm{Cs}

has been measured by the method of cascade-radio-frequency spectroscopy and cascade-level crossing. The sign of the magnetic-dipole coupling constant

A

is determined by the method of cascade-decoupling and cascade-radio-frequency spectroscopy with narrow-band excitation. Lifetimes $\ensuremath{\tau}$ of some of these states are measured by the cascade-Hanle effect. We find that for

^{87}\mathrm{Rb}

, $A(5^{2}D_{\frac{3}{2}})=14.43\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.23$ MHz, $A(5^{2}D_{\frac{5}{2}})=\ensuremath{-}7.44\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.10$ MHz, $\ensuremath{\tau}(5^{2}D_{\frac{3}{2}})=205\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}40$ nsec; for

^{85}\mathrm{Rb}

, $A(5^{2}D_{\frac{3}{2}})=4.18\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.20$ MHz, $A(5^{2}D_{\frac{5}{2}})=\ensuremath{-}2.12\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.20$ MHz; for

^{133}\mathrm{Cs}

, $A(6^{2}D_{\frac{3}{2}})=16.30\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.15$ MHz, $A(6^{2}D_{\frac{5}{2}})=\ensuremath{-}3.6\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}1.0$ MHz, $\ensuremath{\tau}(6^{2}D_{\frac{3}{2}})=57\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}15$ nsec.

We report the first successful measurements by cascade radio-frequency spectroscopy of the hyperfine structures of excited

S

and

D

states of rubidium. We obtain the following magnetic dipole coupling constants (in MHz): for

{\mathrm{Rb}}^{87}

, $A(7^{2}S_{\frac{1}{2}})=312.5\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}3.5$, $A(5^{2}D_{\frac{3}{2}})=14.1\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.5$, $A(5^{2}D_{\frac{5}{2}})=\ensuremath{-}8.0\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}1.5$; for

{\mathrm{Rb}}^{85}

, $A(7^{2}S_{\frac{1}{2}})=92.6\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}1.0$, $A(5^{2}D_{\frac{3}{2}})=4.1\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.5$. The anomalous, negative value of

A

for the

5^{2}D_{\frac{5}{2}}

state may be related to the anomalously small fine-structure interval of the

5D

state of rubidium.

The hyperfine structure of several highly excited

^{2}D

states in

^{87}\mathrm{Rb}

and

^{133}\mathrm{Cs}

has been measured. The

D

-state atoms were produced in a two-step-excitation process. In the first step, multiple scattering of the strong alkali-metal

{D}_{1}

and

{D}_{2}

lines from an rf lamp was used to excite atoms into the first excited

^{2}P

levels. The intense tunable radiation from a cw dye laser was used in the second step to transfer

P

-state atoms into highly excited

D

states. Level-crossing and optical-double-resonance techniques were used for the determination of the absolute values of the hyperfine-interaction constants. The following results (in MHz) were obtained for the magnetic dipole and the electric quadrupole interaction constants

a

and

b

: For

^{87}\mathrm{Rb}

|a(6^{2}D_{\frac{3}{2}})|=7.84(5)

|b(6^{2}D_{\frac{3}{2}})|=0.53(6)

(

\frac{b}{a}>0

|a(^{2}D_{\frac{5}{2}})|=3.6(7)

|a(7^{2}D_{\frac{3}{2}})|=4.53(3)

|b(7^{2}D_{\frac{3}{2}})|=0.26(4)

(

\frac{b}{a}>0

|a(7^{2}D_{\frac{5}{2}})|=2.2(5)

. For

^{133}\mathrm{Cs}

|a(8^{2}D_{\frac{3}{2}})|=3.98(8)

|a(8^{2}D_{\frac{5}{2}})|=0.9(4)

|a(9^{2}D_{\frac{3}{2}})|=2.37(3)

|a(9^{2}D_{\frac{5}{2}})|=0.5(2)

|a(10^{2}D_{\frac{3}{2}})|=1.52(3)

|a(10^{2}D_{\frac{5}{2}})|=0.4(2)

. The

a

factors generally deviate strongly from the values expected in a one-electron picture of the alkali-metal atom indicating the importance of polarization and correlation effects for these states. For

^{87}\mathrm{Rb}

a comparison with a recent calculation including polarization effects is made. The

b

factors for

^{87}\mathrm{Rb}

are the first significant values allowing a calculation of an alkali-metal-atom nuclear quadrupole moment from non-

P

-state data.

Highly excited

S

D

, and

F

levels in cesium and rubidium have been populated utilizing a two-step optical excitation method. In the first step an rf lamp is used to transfer atoms into the first

P

states, and the subsequent excitation is performed with the tunable radiation of a cw dye laser. We give results for the hyperfine structure of several

D

and

F

states in

{\mathrm{Cs}}^{133}

and

{\mathrm{Rb}}^{87}

, obtained in level-crossing and optical double resonance experiments.

We have measured the hyperfine structure of the

5^{2}S_{\frac{1}{2}}

state of

^{23}\mathrm{Na}

by radiofrequency spectroscopy. We find the magnetic dipole coupling constant to be $A=77.6\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.2$ MHz.