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Physical Review Letters

Cascade Radio-Frequency Spectroscopy of Excited S and D States of Rubidium; Anomalous D -State Hyperfine Structure

R. Gupta, Sharon Chang, C. Tai, W. Happer

Published Sep 11, 1972• 47 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We report the first successful measurements by cascade radio-frequency spectroscopy of the hyperfine structures of excited $S$ and $D$ states of rubidium. We obtain the following magnetic dipole coupling constants (in MHz): for ${\mathrm{Rb}}^{87}$, $A(7^{2}S_{\frac{1}{2}})=312.5\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}3.5$, $A(5^{2}D_{\frac{3}{2}})=14.1\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.5$, $A(5^{2}D_{\frac{5}{2}})=\ensuremath{-}8.0\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}1.5$; for ${\mathrm{Rb}}^{85}$, $A(7^{2}S_{\frac{1}{2}})=92.6\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}1.0$, $A(5^{2}D_{\frac{3}{2}})=4.1\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.5$. The anomalous, negative value of $A$ for the $5^{2}D_{\frac{5}{2}}$ state may be related to the anomalously small fine-structure interval of the $5D$ state of rubidium.

DOI
10.1103/physrevlett.29.695

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Physical Review A•Jun 1, 1976•15 citations
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A new technique, cascade anticrossing spectroscopy, has been developed to determine the effective values of $〈{r}^{\ensuremath{-}3}〉$ for the spin-dipole, orbital, contact, and quadrupole hyperfine interaction terms for the 42D4^{2}D42D state of Rb. They are, in units of 1024{10}^{24}1024 ${\mathrm{cm}}^{\ensuremath{-}3}$, ${〈{r}^{\ensuremath{-}3}〉}_{d}=\ensuremath{-}0.36(8)$, ${〈{r}^{\ensuremath{-}3}〉}_{l}=+0.20(2)$, ${〈{r}^{\ensuremath{-}3}〉}_{c}=\ensuremath{-}4.3(1)$, and ${〈{r}^{\ensuremath{-}3}〉}_{q}=+0.79(66)$, respectively. The negative value of ${〈{r}^{\ensuremath{-}3}〉}_{d}$ and the unexpectedly large value of ${〈{r}^{\ensuremath{-}3}〉}_{c}$ are surprising. The fine-structure splitting has been measured to be - 13 360.9(8) MHz.
The hyperfine structures of the 82S128^{2}S_{\frac{1}{2}}82S21​​ and 92S129^{2}S_{\frac{1}{2}}92S21​​ states of 87Rb^{87}\mathrm{Rb}87Rb and of the 122S1212^{2}S_{\frac{1}{2}}122S21​​ state of 133Cs^{133}\mathrm{Cs}133Cs have been measured by the method of stepwise excitation spectroscopy using a cw dye laser. We measure the magnetic dipole coupling constants to be $A(8^{2}S_{\frac{1}{2}}, ^{87}\mathrm{Rb})=159.2\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}1.5$ MHz, $A(9^{2}S_{\frac{1}{2}}, ^{87}\mathrm{Rb})=90.9\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.8$ MHz, and $A(12^{2}S_{\frac{1}{2}}, ^{133}\mathrm{Cs})=26.31\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.10$ MHz.
We have used radio-frequency spectroscopy in conjunction with a multistep optical excitation scheme involving a cw dye laser to measure the fine-structure intervals in the 62F6^{2}F62F and 72F7^{2}F72F states of Rb. We find that the fine-structure intervals $\ensuremath{\delta}w$ (in MHz) are $\ensuremath{\delta}w(6^{2}F)=\ensuremath{-}486(4)$ and $\ensuremath{\delta}w(7^{2}F)=\ensuremath{-}347.6(10)$.
We have measured the hyperfine structure in many highly-excited SSS and PPP states of 87Rb^{87}\mathrm{Rb}87Rb and 133Cs^{133}\mathrm{Cs}133Cs. The results for the magnetic-dipole coupling constants are, in MHz, for 87Rb^{87}\mathrm{Rb}87Rb: A(102S12)=56.3(2)A(10^{2}S_{\frac{1}{2}})=56.3(2)A(102S21​​)=56.3(2), A(112S12)=37.4(3)A(11^{2}S_{\frac{1}{2}})=37.4(3)A(112S21​​)=37.4(3); and for 133Cs^{133}\mathrm{Cs}133Cs: A(92S12)=110.1(5)A(9^{2}S_{\frac{1}{2}})=110.1(5)A(92S21​​)=110.1(5), A(132S12)=18.4(1)A(13^{2}S_{\frac{1}{2}})=18.4(1)A(132S21​​)=18.4(1), A(142S12)=13.4(1)A(14^{2}S_{\frac{1}{2}})=13.4(1)A(142S21​​)=13.4(1), A(152S12)=10.1(1)A(15^{2}S_{\frac{1}{2}})=10.1(1)A(152S21​​)=10.1(1), A(162S12)=7.73(5)A(16^{2}S_{\frac{1}{2}})=7.73(5)A(162S21​​)=7.73(5), A(172S12)=6.06(10)A(17^{2}S_{\frac{1}{2}})=6.06(10)A(172S21​​)=6.06(10), A(102P12)=13.9(2)A(10^{2}P_{\frac{1}{2}})=13.9(2)A(102P21​​)=13.9(2).
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