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Optics Letters

Two-photon spectroscopy of the 6S_1/2 → 6D_5/2 transition of trapped atomic cesium

N. Ph. Georgiades, Eugene Simon Polzik, Harry J. Kimble

Published Sep 15, 1994• 52 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Two-photon spectroscopy of atomic cesium confined and cooled in a magneto-optical trap is reported. The hyperfine structure of the 6D(5/2) state is determined with 1% accuracy. New capabilities for studying ac Stark shifts and kinetic transport for cold atoms are suggested.
DOI
10.1364/ol.19.001474

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arXiv:1601.02746•Jan 12, 2016•0 citations
We report the spectroscopy of the 8S1/2{8S}_{1/2}8S1/2​ energy level in 210Fr{}^{210}\mathrm{Fr}210Fr by two-photon excitation of atoms confined and cooled in a magneto-optical trap. The resonant intermediate level is the upper state of either the 7P3/2{7P}_{3/2}7P3/2​ trapping transition or the 7P1/2{7P}_{1/2}7P1/2​ repumping transition. The center-of-gravity energy difference between the 7S1/2{7S}_{1/2}7S1/2​ ground level and the 8S1/2{8S}_{1/2}8S1/2​ level is $19732.523\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.004 {\mathrm{cm}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}.$ The hyperfine separation of the 8S1/2,F=11/2{8S}_{1/2},F=11/28S1/2​,F=11/2 and F=13/2F=13/2F=13/2 states is $10256\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}7 \mathrm{MHz},$ giving a magnetic dipole hyperfine constant A of $1577.8\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}1.1 \mathrm{MHz}.$
We present a two-photon microwave spectra of cesium Rydberg atoms in the room-temperature vapor cell. The three-level atom including a ground state 6S1/2 (F = 4), an excited state 6P3/2 (F′ = 5) and Rydberg state consists of Rydberg electromagnetically induced transparency (Rydberg-EIT), that is employed to detect the microwave two-photon spectra. The microwave field with frequency ν DD = 11.42865 GHz couples the transition of Rydberg energy level |68D5/2〉 → |69D5/2〉, measured two-photon spectra display a rich of information including the microwave ac Stark shifts and two-photon Autler-Townes (AT) splitting. In the strong microwave field, the two-photon spectroscopy shows the state mixture between |68D5/2〉 and |68D3/2〉 Stark lines. The microwave two-photon spectra of the |69S1/2〉 → |70S1/2〉 transition coupled with frequency ν SS = 11.73503 GHz are also presented. The Floquet theory is employed to simulate the two-photon microwave spectra, showing the good agreement with the measurements. The work suggests the new method that may be used to investigate the multi-photon field-atom interaction and as an atom-based technique for precision field measurements.
We have employed a sample of cold cesium atoms in a magneto-optical trap to study nonlinear spectroscopy and four-wave-mixing optical phase conjugation using a noncycling transition. Reflectivities of the order of 1% have been measured for moderate levels of pump power and large angular aperture. In particular, we have performed nonlinear spectroscopy in a three-level V-type system and observed directly the ac Stark splitting of the cesium 6S1/2{6\mathrm{S}}_{1\mathrm{/}2}6S1/2​, F=4 ground state.
We demonstrate the single-photon Rydberg excitation of cesium atoms in a magneto-optical trap (MOT). We excite atoms directly from 6S1/2ground state to nP3/2(n = 70-100) Rydberg state with a narrow-linewidth 319-nm ultra-violet laser. The detection of Rydberg states is performed by monitoring the reduction of fluorescence signal of the MOT as partial population on 6S1/2(F = 4) ground state are transferred to Rydberg state. We clearly observe Autler-Townes doublet in the trap-loss spectra due to the cooling lights. Utilizing the large electric polarizibility of Rydberg atoms, we observe Stark splitting in the Autler-Townes doublet induced by background DC electric fields. We investigate the dependence of Stark shift on electric fields by theoretical analysis, and then infer the DC electric field from the measured Stark splitting. We find that there is a 44.8(4) mV/cm DC electric field in the vicinity of the cold ensemble. It indicates that high-lying Rydberg atoms can be used as sensors for DC electric fields.
A novel cesium (Cs) two-color magneto-optical trap (TC-MOT), which partially employs the optical radiation forces due to photon scattering of the 6P3/2 (F'=5) - 7S1/2 (F"=4) excited-state transition in the Cs 6S1/2 - 6P3/2 - 7S1/2 (852 + 1470 nm) ladder-type system, has been proposed and experimentally investigated. One of the three pairs of 852 nm cooling/trapping beams (CTBs) in a conventional Cs MOT is replaced with a pair of the 1470 nm CTBs (type-I) or with one 852 nm CTB plus another counter-propagating 1470 nm CTB (type-II). Both the type-I and type-II Cs TC-MOTs can cool and trap atoms on both the red- and blue-detuning sides of the two-photon resonance. The Cs TC-MOT demonstrated in this work may have applications in the background-free detection of cooled and trapped atoms, and the photon-pair sources compatible with the ensemble-based quantum memory and the long-distance quantum communication via optical fiber.