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Proceedings of SPIE, the International Society for Optical Engineering/Proceedings of SPIE

Single quantum dot emission after resonant excitation

Takashi Kuroda, K. Kuroda, Kazuaki Sakoda, Katsuyuki Watanabe, Nobuyuki Koguchi, Giyuu Kido

Published Feb 9, 2006• 1 citation
Publisher

Abstract

Photoluminescence from a single semiconductor quantum dot after perfect resonant excitation has been temporally resolved with picosecond time resolution. Making use of non-confocal geometry for the micro photoluminescence setup, we can greatly remove the elastic scattering component, and successfully capture the resonantly-excited spontaneous emission from a single quantum dot. The emission intensity as a function of coherent photoinjection shows peculiar oscillatory dependence, i.e., Rabi oscillations of ground-state excitons. The transition strength of the groundstate exciton is precisely determined through the analysis. The value indicates a good agreement with that expected by the radiative decay rate of the quantum dots.

DOI
10.1117/12.644477

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Photoluminescence from a single semiconductor quantum dot after perfect resonant excitation has been temporally resolved with picosecond time resolution. Making use of non-confocal geometry for the micro photoluminescence setup, we can greatly remove the elastic scattering component, and successfully capture the resonantly-excited spontaneous emission from a single quantum dot. The emission intensity as a function of coherent photoinjection shows peculiar oscillatory dependence, i.e., Rabi oscillations of ground-state excitons. The transition strength of the groundstate exciton is precisely determined through the analysis. The value indicates a good agreement with that expected by the radiative decay rate of the quantum dots.
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We report on observation of spontaneous emissions from a single quantum dot after resonant excitation. To capture weak emissions from a single quantum dot, reflection of an excitation laser was reduced by applying obliquely incident geometry and crossed polarization configuration. In addition, collected emissions were temporally resolved to be separated from residual reflection. These allowed us to realize a simple manipulation and read out of an exciton qubit. We observed an exciton Rabi oscillation in excitation amplitude dependence of the emission intensity. We determined an exciton dipole moment from the Rabi oscillation and from the emission decay time, independently. Comparison between the two values shows reasonable agreement.
The authors report on an approach to detect excitonic qubits in semiconductor quantum dots by observing spontaneous emissions from the relevant qubit level. The ground state of excitons is resonantly excited by picosecond optical pulses. Emissions from the same state are temporally resolved with picosecond time resolution. To capture weak emissions, the authors greatly suppress the elastic scattering of excitation beams, by applying obliquely incident geometry to the microphotoluminescence setup. Rabi oscillations of the ground-state excitons appear to be involved in the dependence of emission intensity on excitation amplitude.
Single photon emission is one of the most striking optical properties of semiconductor quantum dots (QDs), and the corresponding photon anti-bunching effect was observed by non-resonant and resonant photoluminescence experiments in single QDs [1,2]. Up to now, all the measurements reported in the literature focus on the incoherent photoluminescence signal for achieving single photon emission. In this regime, the linewidth of the photoluminescence spectrum is limited to the so-called radiative limit. In this paper, we report on the resonant emission (RE) of the exciton in single InAs/GaAs QDs embedded in a planar microcavity [2]. We present an original type of single photon source based on the coherent laser light scattering by a single QD [3]. Besides the antibunching effect showing the nonclassical nature of the emitted light, we observe that the QD emission spectrum is determined by the spectrum of the resonant excitation laser. Figure (a,b,c) shows high-resolution measurements by Fourier transform spectroscopy of the RE where the data are fitted to the first-order correlation function g(1)(τ) of the RE of a two-level system. The inverse Fourier transform of the g(1)(τ) function allows a direct comparison of the different RE emission profiles in figure (d,e,f). By reducing the resonant excitation power, the Mollow triplet shrinks to a single narrow Lorentzian line, while the relative intensity of this narrow peak increases and tends to overwhelm the RE spectrum. This implies that single QDs can produce single photons with a coherence time that is not limited anymore by the QD electronic properties, resulting in an ultra-coherent character [3]. References [1] P. Michler et al, Science 290, 2282 (2000). [2] H. S. Nguyen et al, Phys. Rev. Lett. (accepted, in press). See arXiv 1109.4304. [3] H. S. Nguyen et al, Appl. Phys. Lett. 99, 261904 (2011).
Single photon emission is one of the most striking optical properties of semiconductor quantum dots (QDs), and the corresponding photon anti-bunching effect was observed by non-resonant and resonant photoluminescence experiments in single QDs [1,2,3,4]. Other experiments demonstrated the possibility to use single QDs for the generation of indistinguishable single photons [3]. An important general issue is to reach the so-called fundamental radiative limit. Several strategies have been followed in that sense such as the shortening of population lifetime induced by the Purcell effect [5] or the reduction of pure dephasing by resonant excitation [2,3,4]. Up to now, all the measurements reported in the literature focus on the incoherent photoluminescence signal for achieving single photon emission. In this regime, the linewidth of the photoluminescence spectrum is always limited to the radiative limit. In this paper, we report on the resonant emission (RE) of the exciton in single InAs/GaAs QDs embedded in a planar microcavity, in an orthogonal excitation-detection geometry [4]. We present an original type of single photon source based on the coherent laser light scattering by a single QD [6]. Besides the antibunching effect showing the non-classical nature of the emitted light, we observe that the QD emission spectrum is determined by the spectrum of the resonant excitation laser. We present high-resolution measurements by Fourier transform spectroscopy of the RE where the data are fitted to the first-order correlation function g(1)(τ) of the RE of a two-level system. The inverse Fourier transform of the g(1)(τ) function allows a direct comparison of the different RE emission profiles. We show that, by reducing the resonant excitation power, the so-called Mollow triplet shrinks to a single narrow Lorentzian line, while the relative intensity of this narrow peak increases and tends to overwhelm the RE spectrum. This implies that single QDs can produce single photons with a coherence time that is not limited anymore by the QD electronic properties, resulting in an ultra-coherent character [6]. In conclusion, the resulting " ultra-coherent single photon source " promises high degrees of indistinguishability of the emitted photons which is a crucial requirement for quantum information applications. [1] P. Michler et al., Science 290, 2282 (2000). [2] A. Muller et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 99, 187402 (2007). [3] S. Ates et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 103, 167402 (2009). [4] H. S. Nguyen et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 108, 057401 (2012). [5] C. Santori et al., Nature 419, 594 (2002). [6] H. S. Nguyen et al., Appl. Phys. Lett. 99, 261904 (2011).