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Physical Review A

Multimode quantum properties of a self-imaging optical parametric oscillator: Squeezed vacuum and Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen-beams generation

L. Lopez, Bénoît Chalopin, Arnaud Rivière De La Souchère, Claude Fabre, Agnès Maître, Nicolas Treps

Published Oct 16, 2009• 24 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We investigate the spatial quantum properties of the light emitted by a perfectly spatially degenerate optical parametric oscillator (self-imaging optical parametric oscillator). We show that this device produces local squeezing for areas bigger than a coherence area that depends on the crystal length and pump width. Furthermore, it generates local EPR beams in the far field. We show, calculating the eigenmodes of the system, that it is highly multimode for realistic experimental parameters.

DOI
10.1103/physreva.80.043816

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•Dec 1, 2009•0 citations
We investigate the spatial quantum properties of the light emitted by a perfectly spatially degenerate optical parametric oscillator (self-imaging optical parametric oscillator). We show that this device produces local squeezing for areas bigger than a coherence area that depends on the crystal length and pump width. Furthermore, it generates local EPR beams in the far field. We show, calculating the eigenmodes of the system, that it is highly multimode for realistic experimental parameters.
Up to now, transverse quantum effects (usually labeled as ``quantum imaging'' effects) which are generated by nonlinear devices inserted in resonant optical cavities have been calculated using the ``thin-crystal approximation,'' i.e., taking into account the effect of diffraction only inside the empty part of the cavity, and neglecting its effect in the nonlinear propagation inside the nonlinear crystal. We introduce in the present paper a theoretical method which is not restricted by this approximation. It allows us in particular to treat configurations closer to the actual experimental ones, where the crystal length is comparable to the Rayleigh length of the cavity mode. We use this method in the case of the confocal optical parametric oscillator, where the thin-crystal approximation predicts perfect squeezing on any area of the transverse plane, whatever its size and shape. We find that there exists in this case a ``coherence length'' which gives the minimum size of a detector on which perfect squeezing can be observed, and which gives therefore a limit to the improvement of optical resolution that can be obtained using such devices.
We present squeezed light that is robust against spatial mode mismatch (beam displacement, tilt, and beam-size difference), which is generated from a self-imaging optical parametric oscillator below the threshold. We investigate the quantum properties of the generated light when the oscillator is detuned from the ideal self-imaging condition for stable operation. We find that the generated light is more robust to mode mismatch than single-mode squeezed light having the same squeezing level, and it even outperforms the single-mode infinitely squeezed light as the strength of mode mismatch increases.
We show that an optical parametric oscillator which is simultaneously resonant for several modes, either spatial or temporal, generates both below and above threshold a multimode nonclassical state of light consisting of squeezed vacuum states in all the nonoscillating modes. We confirm this prediction by an experiment dealing with the degenerate TEM01{}_{01}01​ and TEM10{}_{10}10​ modes. We show the conservation of nonclassical properties when the threshold is crossed. The experiment is made possible by the implementation of a new method to lock the relative phase of the pump and the injected beam.
We show that an Optical Parametric Oscillator which is simultaneously resonant for several modes, either spatial or temporal, generates both below and above threshold a multimode non-classical state of light consisting of squeezed vacuum states in all the non-oscillating modes. We confirm this prediction by an experiment dealing with the degenerate TEM01_{01}01​ and TEM10_{10}10​ modes. We show the conservation of non-classical properties when the threshold is crossed. The experiment is made possible by the implementation of a new method to lock the relative phase of the pump and the injected beam.