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Journal of the Optical Society of America B

Improving quantum-noise reduction with spatially multimode squeezed light

Luigi A. Lugiato, Philippe Grangier

Published Feb 1, 1997• 33 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We consider the squeezed vacuum state emitted by a degenerate optical parametric oscillator below threshold. We show, by using a confocal cavity and an appropriate matching lens, that the observed level of squeezing can become largely independent of the spatial intensity configuration of the local-oscillator field.
DOI
10.1364/josab.14.000225

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Quantum noise and squeezing of the field produced by a degenerate optical parametric oscillator operating below threshold are considered. This analysis extends previously reported calculations for single cavities to double cavities whose mirror transmission coefficients are arbitrary. The double-cavity configuration improves the overall squeezing of the system for both the intracavity field as well as the output field. The double-cavity configuration may be conducive to experimental verification of this and previous work.
Squeezed states of the electromagnetic field are generated by degenerate parametric downconversion in a sub-threshold optical parametric oscillator. Reductions in photocurrent noise greater than 60% (−4 dB) below the limit set by the vacuum fluctuations of the field are observed in a balanced homodyne detector. A quantitative comparison with theory suggests that the observed noise reductions result from a field that in the absence of avoidable linear attenuation would be squeezed more than tenfold. A degree of squeezing of approximately fivefold is inferred for the actual field emitted through one mirror of the optical parametric oscillator. An explicit demonstration of the Heisenberg uncertainty principle for the electromagnetic field is made from the measurements, which show that the field state produced by the downconversion process is a state of minimum uncertainty.
The visibility and quality of optical images is ultimately limited not by diffraction but by the quantum noise affecting each pixel of a detector. Multimode non-classical states of light, characterized by spatial quantum correlation or local reduced quantum noise, permit in principle to go beyond the standard quantum limit and therefore to improve transverse optical resolution. It has been predicted that Optical Parametric Oscillators (OPO) operating simultaneously on many transverse modes are good candidates for generating multimode non-classical states of light. We perform an experiment showing that a c.w. confocal OPO above threshold emits such states. Below threshold, the OPO is turned to a multimode optical parametric amplifier.