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Physical Review A

Transparency of a short laser pulse via decay interference in a closed V -type system

Emmanuel Paspalakis, Niels J. Kylstra, P. L. Knight

Published Mar 3, 2000• 53 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We study the consequences of spontaneous emission interference in the propagation dynamics of a short laser pulse in a closed $\mathsf{V}$-type medium. We show that, under specific conditions, the (otherwise opaque) medium becomes transparent to the laser pulse. The influence of incoherent processes on the transparency is also investigated.

DOI
10.1103/physreva.61.045802

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We study the consequences of spontaneous emission interference in the propagation dynamics of a short laser pulse in a closed V\mathsf{V}V-type medium. We show that, under specific conditions, the (otherwise opaque) medium becomes transparent to the laser pulse. The influence of incoherent processes on the transparency is also investigated.
We show the possibility of transparency and soliton effects for an intense pulse propagating in a VVV-type medium in which two upper resonant sublevels experience fast field-induced decay due to incoherent coupling to an upper lying state or continuum. The transparency arises as a result of the combined action of population trapping on the sublevels leading to interference suppression of the relaxation channel, and coherent Rabi cycling induced by the laser field.
We investigate the propagation dynamics of a pair of probe and coupling laser pulses in a three-level type-V atomic medium under the condition of electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) by numerical solving the Maxwell-Bloch equations for atoms and fields. Influences of the intensity and pulse area of the coupling laser on the EIT formation of probe laser pulse are studied in a wide region from micro- to pico-second of pulse duration. It is found that a nearly solition pulse can be established at the smallest pulse area in the pico-second region and with the largest pulse area in the micro-second region. These results can be important for applications in all-optical switching, and quantum information processing and transmission.
Quantum coherence and interference in atomic systems can lead to interesting optical phenomena such as nonabsorbing resonances, lasing without inversion, generating an ultrahigh index of refraction without absorption, propagation of light pulses without losses. In the last-named is given the title transparency. Up to now it is known some types of transparency in multi-level resonant media. One of them is electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT). The phenomenon of EIT in the propagation of laser radiation through an absorbing medium has been recently investigated and explained in terms of quantum coherence and interference for multi-level atomic system. For instance in the (Lambda) -system, if the atomic medium is prepared in a quantum superposition of states, matched pulses, i.e., a pair of optical pulses whose amplitude and phase have a well defined relation, propagate without absorption. The mechanism of coherent population trapping is responsible for EIT in a (Lambda) -system. There is another, well known mechanism for creating transparency in a two-state atom: self-induced transparency, or SIT. Here, a single pulse whose area (the integral of its Rabi frequency over time) is 2(pi) is applied to the medium. Such a pulse causes the atoms to cycle smoothly from the ground to the excited state and then back again. In principle, such a pulse can propagate over long distances. SIT can be generalized to multi-level systems and multiple quasi-monochromatic fields. Generalization of SIT in a (Lambda) -system was obtained in reference 2. In this report we present a new type of transparency (combined transparency). This type describes propagation of laser pulse through a (Lambda) -type medium where the initial atomic state is prepared in the form of spatially varying coherent superposition of low-energetic states (initial coherency gradient). The common envelope behaves as usual 2(pi) hyperbolic secant pulse, but the ratio between the components of frequencies transitions 1> yields 3> and 2> yields 3> changes due to coherent Raman scattering so (phi) equals atan(E1/E2) equals (pi) /2-Gz, where z is the coordinate, G is the constant determined by both the incident pulse parameters and the initial coherence between the atomic states. Our solution demonstrates a direct connection of EIT in adiabatic regime to the SIT effects. This type of a transparency is given the title screw-type transparency, because for the given form of incident pulse (pitch of screw) medium is transparent, if medium's the initial coherence gradient is correspondingly prepared (thread on a engine nut). Besides a transparency, this phenomenon contains a transformation of the incident pulse frequency during the process of the propagation. This property of the phenomena can be result in a complete conversion of the frequency.