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Physical Review A

Gain without inversion in the frequency up-conversion regime

Susanne F. Yelin, Mikhail D. Lukin, Marlan O. Scully, Paul Mandel

Published May 1, 1998• 30 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We analyze the general conditions and limitations for the realization of frequency up-conversion via lasing without inversion (LWI). Based on this analysis we propose a class of schemes in which LWI can be achieved via optical- or microwave-frequency driving on a weakly allowed transition. A noninversion amplification process based on this system is studied with particular emphasis on propagation effects and Doppler broadening. Amplification of both monochromatic and bichromatic fields is considered and a possible implementation in realistic atoms and ions is discussed.

DOI
10.1103/physreva.57.3858

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New Journal of Physics•May 29, 2013•39 citations
We analyze the general conditions and limitations for the realization of frequency up-conversion via lasing without inversion (LWI). Based on this analysis we propose a class of schemes in which LWI can be achieved via optical- or microwave-frequency driving on a weakly allowed transition. A noninversion amplification process based on this system is studied with particular emphasis on propagation effects and Doppler broadening. Amplification of both monochromatic and bichromatic fields is considered and a possible implementation in realistic atoms and ions is discussed.
Summary form only given. We study a model for an incoherently pumped laser operating with a Doppler-broadened three-level system placed in a doubly resonant cavity and producing two laser fields, one of them without population inversion. Each laser field couples to only one of the transitions of the three-level medium. We have studied our model for parameters appropriate to two real atomic systems (i) a cascade scheme in atomic /sup 138/Ba looking for lasing with (without) inversion at /spl lambda//sub /spl beta//=554 nm (/spl lambda//sub /spl alpha//=821 nm), and (ii) a V-scheme in atomic /sup 85/Rb with ordinary lasing at /spl lambda//sub /spl alpha//=780 nm and lasing without inversion (LWI) at /spl lambda//sub /spl alpha//=4216 nm. These two cases are qualitatively different in that two-photon processes are responsible for inversionless gain in case (i) while LWI in case (ii) arises from one-photon processes. Moreover, the frequency up-conversion ratio is R=0.67 for the case of /sup 138/Ba and it is R=1.88 for the case of /sup 85/Rb. In spite of the fact that the frequencies of the two laser fields are relatively different, our results show that dual-wavelength lasing extends up to Doppler broadening values typical for optical transitions of atoms in a vapor cell. In case (i) /spl alpha/-lasing occurs without two-photon inversion only for approximately the lower half of the domain of Doppler-broadening values. However, in case (ii) one has LWI in all the domains. Some considerations for a practical realization of the dual-wavelength inversionless-conventional laser are discussed.
We study lasing without inversion in a Doppler-broadened V-type three-level system in the frequency up-conversion regime. We show that the ratio $R\ensuremath{\equiv}{\ensuremath{\omega}}_{l}/{\ensuremath{\omega}}_{d}$ of generated laser frequency to driving laser frequency that can be achieved using a vapor cell is modest (R< 2)(R<~2)(R< 2). Our analysis demonstrates that using an atomic beam the frequency of the generated field can be substantially larger than that of the driving field $R\ensuremath{\sim}10$. Two different configurations are considered: (a) copropagating driving and laser beams orthogonal to the atomic beam, and (b) counterpropagating driving and atomic beams and laser beam at a determined angle with the driving beam.
We study propagation effects on lasing without population inversion in a Doppler-broadened V -type three-level system. In particular, we focus our analysis on frequency up-conversion lasing without inversion in atomic rubidium. In an atomic beam configuration, we show that it is possible to increase notably the probe gain per single pass through the active medium by detuning driving and probe fields out of one-photon resonance but maintaining the two-photon resonance condition. In a vapour cell configuration, we show that due to propagation effects the probe gain per single pass depends strongly on the driving field intensity at the entrance of the active medium. In fact, for appropriate parameter values, it is possible to reach values of the probe gain per single pass of around 40%. For this last case, we have considered the feedback of a ring laser cavity.
Abstract It is well known that in a three-level lambda system, spontaneous emission decay rate on the lasing transition must be smaller than or equal to the decay rate on the driving transition in order to observe LWI. Since spontaneous emission rate is proportional to cube of the corresponding transition frequency, satisfying the above condition requires the frequency of lasing transition to be smaller than the driving transitions frequency. In other words, according to this condition, frequency upconversion is not possible with LWI. The main theme of this article is to suggest the possibilty of frequency upconversion in LWI by overcoming the condition described above.
Summary form only given. Electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) and related phenomena such as lasing without inversion (LWI) are topics of increasing interest in quantum optics. In EIT, an otherwise absorbing medium is made transparent to a weak coherent field on resonance with a certain atomic transition by applying an intense coherent "driving" field to an adjacent transition. There has been a large number of theoretical papers and EIT was demonstrated experimentally. Up to now, most theoretical papers dealing with EIT in gas media have considered only the case of a traveling (TW) driving field. In contrast, we study EIT in Doppler broadened three-level media with standing wave (SW) driving and focus our analysis into the advantages of using a SW driving configuration instead of a TW one when the frequency of the probe field is larger than that of the driving field, i.e., the so-called frequency up-conversion regime.
It has been known for two decades that coherence can yield lasing without inversion (LWI), which could be useful for making lasers at shorter wavelength. However, excitation of extreme ultraviolet and x-ray atomic transitions typically requires a plasma medium with rapid collisions, which destroy atomic coherence. Here we demonstrate LWI on a time scale shorter than the decoherence time. We show that in such a regime LWI is possible in a V -scheme with a strong coherent drive on the low-frequency transition and obtain an analytical expression for the gain of the laser pulse at high frequency. We propose an experiment in which such LWI can be realized in He plasma.