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Physical Review A

Observation of a midinfrared fine-structure transition for the single trapped barium ion

Alan A. Madej, J. D. Sankey, G. R. Hanes, Klaus J. Siemsen, A. R. W. McKellar

Published Feb 1, 1992• 15 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We report observation of laser excitation of a narrow, magnetic-dipole-allowed, infrared transition in a single trapped ion. Quantum jumps of a ${\mathrm{Ba}}^{+}$ atom were observed using a diode laser tuned in resonance with the excited-state 5d $^{2}$${\mathit{D}}_{3/2}$--5d $^{2}$${\mathit{D}}_{5/2}$ transition at 12.48 \ensuremath{\mu}m. Single-ion resonance line shapes were obtained and a transition frequency of \ensuremath{\nu}=24 012 033\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}11 MHz was determined. Calculated quantum jump rates of the D-D transition for the applied laser spectral brightness yield agreement with experimentally observed values.

DOI
10.1103/physreva.45.1742

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arXiv:1007.1481•Physical Review A•Sep 27, 2010•6 citations
We report observation of laser excitation of a narrow, magnetic-dipole-allowed, infrared transition in a single trapped ion. Quantum jumps of a Ba+{\mathrm{Ba}}^{+}Ba+ atom were observed using a diode laser tuned in resonance with the excited-state 5d ^{2}$${\mathit{D}}_{3/2}--5d ^{2}$${\mathit{D}}_{5/2} transition at 12.48 \ensuremath{\mu}m. Single-ion resonance line shapes were obtained and a transition frequency of \ensuremath{\nu}=24 012 033\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}11 MHz was determined. Calculated quantum jump rates of the D-D transition for the applied laser spectral brightness yield agreement with experimentally observed values.
We performed laser spectroscopy of In+{\mathrm{In}}^{+}In+ ions stored in a radio-frequency trap. The 5s2{\mathit{s}}^{2}s2 1^{1}1S0{\mathit{S}}_{0}S0​\ensuremath{\rightarrow}5s5p 3^{3}3P1{\mathit{P}}_{1}P1​ transition at 230.6 nm was excited and its hyperfine splitting and isotope shift have been measured. The lifetime of the 3^{3}3P1{\mathit{P}}_{1}P1​ state was measured using intensity modulated laser excitation: \ensuremath{\tau}(3{(}^{3}(3P1{\mathit{P}}_{1}P1​)=0.44(4) \ensuremath{\mu}s. A single indium ion was laser cooled using this intercombination line and dark periods in the fluorescence were observed when the metastable 3^{3}3P0{\mathit{P}}_{0}P0​ state was populated by a magnetic dipole decay from 3^{3}3P1{\mathit{P}}_{1}P1​. The radiative lifetime of the forbidden transition 3^{3}3P0{\mathit{P}}_{0}P0​${\ensuremath{\rightarrow}}^{1}$S0{\mathit{S}}_{0}S0​ was determined from the duration of the dark periods: \ensuremath{\tau}(3{(}^{3}(3P0{\mathit{P}}_{0}P0​)=0.14(2) s. This value is compared to calculations based on perturbation theory. Prospects for an optical frequency standard using the narrow 5s2{\mathit{s}}^{2}s2 1^{1}1S0{\mathit{S}}_{0}S0​\ensuremath{\rightarrow}5s5p 3^{3}3P0{\mathit{P}}_{0}P0​ resonance at 236.5 nm of a single laser-cooled indium ion are discussed.
A single Ba+{\mathrm{Ba}}^{+}Ba+ atom was confined in a radio-frequency ion trap and cooled by near-resonant laser light. Quantum jumps into and out of the metastable 5d 2D5/2^{2}D_{5/2}2D5/2​ level were observed that followed the expected exponential distribution in dark periods to good agreement. Measurement of quantum-jump distributions together with careful measurements of the absolute partial pressures of all residual gas species enabled accurate measurements of the quenched 5d 2D5/2^{2}D_{5/2}2D5/2​ lifetime as a function of quenching gas pressure. Measurements of quenching were observed at pressures where the mean collision rate was on the order of 1 ${\mathrm{s}}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}1}$. The results yielded quenching rate constants for the metastable level for a series of gases that typically make up the residual gas environment of ultra-high-vacuum systems (H2{\mathrm{H}}_{2}H2​, He, CH4{\mathrm{CH}}_{4}CH4​, H2{\mathrm{H}}_{2}H2​O, CO, N2{\mathrm{N}}_{2}N2​, Ar, and CO2{\mathrm{CO}}_{2}CO2​) together with an improved value of the 52{5}^{2}52D5/2{\mathrm{D}}_{5/2}D5/2​ radiative lifetime of t0{t}_{0}t0​=34.5\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}3.5 s. The above quenching rate constants were then compared with classical ion-molecule collision theory. It was found that the quenching rates for molecular gases were comparable to the classical collision rates, while the rates for atomic gases were considerably lower.
We performed laser spectroscopy of In+{\mathrm{In}}^{+}In+ ions stored in a radio-frequency trap. The 5s2{\mathit{s}}^{2}s2 1^{1}1S0{\mathit{S}}_{0}S0​\ensuremath{\rightarrow}5s5p 3^{3}3P1{\mathit{P}}_{1}P1​ transition at 230.6 nm was excited and its hyperfine splitting and isotope shift have been measured. The lifetime of the 3^{3}3P1{\mathit{P}}_{1}P1​ state was measured using intensity modulated laser excitation: \ensuremath{\tau}(3{(}^{3}(3P1{\mathit{P}}_{1}P1​)=0.44(4) \ensuremath{\mu}s. A single indium ion was laser cooled using this intercombination line and dark periods in the fluorescence were observed when the metastable 3^{3}3P0{\mathit{P}}_{0}P0​ state was populated by a magnetic dipole decay from 3^{3}3P1{\mathit{P}}_{1}P1​. The radiative lifetime of the forbidden transition 3^{3}3P0{\mathit{P}}_{0}P0​${\ensuremath{\rightarrow}}^{1}$S0{\mathit{S}}_{0}S0​ was determined from the duration of the dark periods: \ensuremath{\tau}(3{(}^{3}(3P0{\mathit{P}}_{0}P0​)=0.14(2) s. This value is compared to calculations based on perturbation theory. Prospects for an optical frequency standard using the narrow 5s2{\mathit{s}}^{2}s2 1^{1}1S0{\mathit{S}}_{0}S0​\ensuremath{\rightarrow}5s5p 3^{3}3P0{\mathit{P}}_{0}P0​ resonance at 236.5 nm of a single laser-cooled indium ion are discussed.
The electric dipole-forbidden, quadrupole $6{S}_{1/2}\ensuremath{\leftrightarrow}5{D}_{3/2}$ transition in Ba+{}^{+}+ near 2051 nm, with a natural linewidth of 13 mHz, is attractive for potential observation of parity nonconservation, and also as a clock transition for a barium ion optical frequency standard. This transition also offers a direct means of populating the metastable 5D3/25{D}_{3/2}5D3/2​ state to measure the nuclear magnetic octupole moment in the odd barium isotopes. Light from a diode-pumped, solid-state Tm,Ho:YLF laser operating at 2051 nm is used to coherently drive this transition between resolved Zeeman levels in a single trapped 138{}^{138}138Ba+{}^{+}+ ion. The frequency of the laser is stabilized to a high-finesse Fabry-P\'erot cavity at 1025 nm after being frequency doubled. Rabi oscillations on this transition indicate a laser-ion coherence time of 3 ms, most likely limited by ambient magnetic field fluctuations.
A single Sr+ atom was confined in a radio-frequency quadrupole trap and laser cooled with resonant laser light. Examination of the transition Doppler profile indicated an ion kinetic temperature of less than 500 mK. Quantum jumps into and out of the metastable 4d(2)D(5/2) level were observed by laser excitation on the electric-quadrupole-allowed transition from the ground state at 674 nm. The dark and bright periods in the strong fluorescence showed variations owing to the applied driving field on the electric-quadrupole transition. These results provide an improved determination of tau = 372 +/- 25 msec for the natural metastable-state lifetime.
We present a terrestrial measurement of the Land\'e ggg factor of the 5D5/25{D}_{5/2}5D5/2​ state of singly ionized barium. Measurements were performed on single Doppler-cooled 138Ba+{}^{138}{\mathrm{Ba}}^{+}138Ba+ ions in a linear Paul trap. A frequency-stabilized fiber laser with a nominal wavelength of 1.7621.7621.762 $\ensuremath{\mu}$m was scanned across the $6{S}_{1/2}\ensuremath{\leftrightarrow}5{D}_{5/2}$ transition to spectroscopically resolve transitions between Zeeman sublevels of the ground and excited states. From the relative positions of the four narrow transitions observed at several different values for the applied magnetic field, we find a value of $1.2020\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.0005$ for g5D5/2{g}_{5{D}_{5/2}}g5D5/2​​.