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Physical Review A

Three-level Λ atom in the field of frequency-chirped bichromatic laser pulses: Writing and storage of optical phase information

Gagik P. Djotyan, Jozsef S. Bakos, Zs. Sörlei

Published Jun 6, 2001• 22 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We investigate the behavior of a three-level atomic system with \ensuremath{\Lambda} structure of levels in the field of a sequence of short frequency-chirped bichromatic laser pulses (BLP's) in the adiabatic passage regime of interaction. We show that the efficiency of the population transfer in this atomic system is sensitive to the relative phase of the pulses forming the BLP when the atom is prepared in a coherent superposition of its two ground states initially. We propose to use this sensitivity for coherent fast and robust writing and reading of optical phase information. The initial preparation of the atom in the ``dark'' superposition state is suggested through the action of a sequence of a few frequency-chirped BLP's with duration longer than the atomic relaxation time.

DOI
10.1103/physreva.64.013408

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We investigate the behavior of a three-level atomic system with \ensuremath{\Lambda} structure of levels in the field of a sequence of short frequency-chirped bichromatic laser pulses (BLP's) in the adiabatic passage regime of interaction. We show that the efficiency of the population transfer in this atomic system is sensitive to the relative phase of the pulses forming the BLP when the atom is prepared in a coherent superposition of its two ground states initially. We propose to use this sensitivity for coherent fast and robust writing and reading of optical phase information. The initial preparation of the atom in the ``dark'' superposition state is suggested through the action of a sequence of a few frequency-chirped BLP's with duration longer than the atomic relaxation time.
We propose to use the sensitivity of the population transfer in three-level L-atoms to the relative phases and amplitudes of frequency-chirped short bichromatic laser pulses for coherent, fast and robust storage and processing of phase or intensity optical information. The information is being written into the excited state population which in a second step is transferred in a fast and robust way into a nondecaying storage level. It is shown that an arbitrary superposition of the ground states can be generated by controlling the relative phase between the laser pulses.
We propose a scheme for robust writing and storage of optical phase information in populations of metastable states of the atoms with a tripod structure of levels by using frequency-chirped laser pulses. The method provides much longer storage times compared with the schemes based on the collective atomic spin coherences. A negligible excitation of the atom provides immunity to decoherence induced by decay of the excited states. The method is robust against small-to-medium variations in the laser pulse intensity and speed of the chirp and, being insensitive to resonance conditions, it is effective both in homogeneously and inhomogeneously broadened media.
We investigate the behavior of 85Rb{}^{85}\mathrm{Rb}85Rb atoms in the field of a sequence of frequency-chirped short laser pulses. The analysis is based on a numerical solution of equations for the probability amplitudes of the hyperfine levels of the ${5S}_{1/2}{\ensuremath{-}5P}_{3/2}$ transition in the 85Rb{}^{85}\mathrm{Rb}85Rb atom and the dressed-states analysis. We analyze different regimes of interaction, including relatively short laser pulses (when the width of the pulse envelope spectrum is of the order of or exceeds the frequency interval between the hyperfine levels resulting in effective mixing of them) and relatively long ones (when the ground hyperfine levels are resolved but the excited ones are not resolved). In the latter case dependence of the population transfer efficiency on the initial coherence of the ground states is analyzed. The case of long laser pulses when all working hyperfine levels are resolved is also discussed using numerical simulations and a dressed-states analysis. We show that in all regimes considered, the interaction of a frequency-chirped laser pulse with the multilevel 85Rb{}^{85}\mathrm{Rb}85Rb system is similar to the interaction with an effective two-level atom at sufficiently large peak intensities of the pulses. It allows us to perform efficient excitation of the multilevel atom by transferring populations of two hyperfine ground states to the excited ones and back to the ground states using a pair of frequency-chirped laser pulses. We propose to utilize this scheme of population transfer for the coherent manipulation of a beam of 85Rb{}^{85}\mathrm{Rb}85Rb atoms using sequences of counterpropagating frequency-chirped short laser pulses.
Adiabatic passage induced by chirped laser pulses in three-level $\ensuremath{\Lambda}$ systems is investigated. Two different strategies for efficient population transfer (equal and opposite sign of the chirp) are analyzed. The role of detuning, crucial for the attempt to reduce the population of the intermediate state, is demonstrated. The scheme of adiabatic passage by laser pulses with chirps of different sign is not symmetric with respect to the sign of the one-photon detuning. Blue detuning results in a smaller transient population of the intermediate state than does red detuning. The results are explained on the basis of dressed states. Numerical results for a fully off-resonant adiabatic passage scheme, based on two pulses with the same sign of the chirps, are also considered. The robustness of the schemes in terms of the Rabi frequency, chirp rate, detuning, and time delay of the pulses is explored.
We study the propagation of frequency-chirped laser pulses in optically thick media. We consider a medium of atoms with a $\ensuremath{\Lambda}$ level-scheme (Lambda atoms) and also, for comparison, a medium of two-level atoms. Frequency-chirped laser pulses that induce adiabatic population transfer between the atomic levels are considered. They induce transitions between the two lower (metastable) levels of the $\ensuremath{\Lambda}$-atoms and between the ground and excited states of the two-level atoms. We show that associated with this adiabatic population transfer in $\ensuremath{\Lambda}$-atoms, there is a regime of enhanced transparency of the medium---the pulses are distorted much less than in the medium of two-level atoms and retain their ability to transfer the atomic population much longer during propagation.