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Physical Review A

Coherent population transfer in three-level Λ systems by chirped laser pulses: Minimization of the intermediate-level population

Ignacio R. Solá, Vladimir S. Malinovsky, Bo Y. Chang, Jesús Santamarı́a, Klaas Bergmann

Published Jun 1, 1999• 51 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Adiabatic passage induced by chirped laser pulses in three-level $\ensuremath{\Lambda}$ systems is investigated. Two different strategies for efficient population transfer (equal and opposite sign of the chirp) are analyzed. The role of detuning, crucial for the attempt to reduce the population of the intermediate state, is demonstrated. The scheme of adiabatic passage by laser pulses with chirps of different sign is not symmetric with respect to the sign of the one-photon detuning. Blue detuning results in a smaller transient population of the intermediate state than does red detuning. The results are explained on the basis of dressed states. Numerical results for a fully off-resonant adiabatic passage scheme, based on two pulses with the same sign of the chirps, are also considered. The robustness of the schemes in terms of the Rabi frequency, chirp rate, detuning, and time delay of the pulses is explored.

DOI
10.1103/physreva.59.4494

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Transfer of atomic population in Λ-three-level states system

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Aim The Stark-chirped rapid adiabatic passage(SCRAP) is studied in a Λ-three-level states system.Methods Level-crossing technique and dressed states theory are used.Results SCRAP uses chiefly an intense far off resonance Stark laser pulse,which modifies the transition frequency and resonates with the Bohr transition frequency for two level crossings.Conclusion A population-transfer maximal efficiency approaching unity is provided from the ground state to the excited state,when the delay of the Stark-shifting pulse is strong at one of these crossings and is weak at second one.

Journal of Baoji University of Arts and Sciences•Jan 1, 2007•0 citations
Adiabatic passage induced by chirped laser pulses in three-level \ensuremathΛ\ensuremath{\Lambda}\ensuremathΛ systems is investigated. Two different strategies for efficient population transfer (equal and opposite sign of the chirp) are analyzed. The role of detuning, crucial for the attempt to reduce the population of the intermediate state, is demonstrated. The scheme of adiabatic passage by laser pulses with chirps of different sign is not symmetric with respect to the sign of the one-photon detuning. Blue detuning results in a smaller transient population of the intermediate state than does red detuning. The results are explained on the basis of dressed states. Numerical results for a fully off-resonant adiabatic passage scheme, based on two pulses with the same sign of the chirps, are also considered. The robustness of the schemes in terms of the Rabi frequency, chirp rate, detuning, and time delay of the pulses is explored.
Population transfer in a three-level Λ system is simulated numerically and optimized. Almost complete population transfer from |1⟩ to |3⟩ is achieved by a genetic algorithm while the population in state |2⟩ reached minimum over the entire evolution at the same time. The result shows that the optimal pulse sequence is the well-known stimulated Raman adiabatic passage (STIRAP) scheme. The detuning of pump pulse and Stokes pulse Δ p and Δ s with the opposite sign and the chirps χ p and χ s with the same sign are in favour of the complete and robust population transfer for few-cycle laser pulse. Rabi frequencies Ω p and Ω s have insensitive effects on the complete population transfer during a large scope of their ratio when they are large enough.
We propose the use of the Stark-chirped rapid adiabatic passage (SCRAP) method to induce a complete population transfer in a nonlinear three-level Λ-type system (nl-SCRAP). We also use the nl-SCRAP method for creating stable diatomic ground molecular Bose–Einstein condensates (BECs) from atomic BECs. In this three-laser technique the pump and Stokes pulses are slightly detuned from transition frequencies, and a third strong hyperbolic-tangent laser pulse induces dynamic Stark shifts of the relevant transitions and compensates for third-order nonlinearities. If the timing of the three pulses is appropriately chosen, the nonlinear quantum system is prepared to almost complete population inversion between the two lower states in the Λ-like scheme. The paper shows that the efficiency of the nl-SCRAP is higher than the nonlinear stimulated Raman adiabatic passage (nl-STIRAP) technique, and this method can be used in one-photon as well as multi-photon transitions. The transfer process is robust concerning fluctuations of experimental parameters, such as peak Rabi frequencies, the time delay between pulses, and static detunings.
We propose a scheme for coherent control of population transfer and arbitrary superpositions of quantum states by a single-chirped laser pulse in a Λ-type excited-doublet four-level system. It is shown that selective, efficient, and robust population transfer from the initial state to the target states (excited or ground) can be achieved via chirped adiabatic passage when the pulse bandwidth is smaller than about 1/10 of the energy separations between the excited-doublet levels and between the ground states. Moreover, arbitrary coherent superpositions between the excited-doublet states, or between the higher ground state and either of the excited-doublet states, can be created by appropriately tuning the chirp rate and detuning the laser field. The proposed flexible method of coherent control of population transfer and arbitrary superpositions between the initially unpopulated states requires only a single pulse, and is robust against variations in the laser parameters, which has potential applications in quantum information processing.
We show that the technique of Stark-chirped rapid adiabatic passage (SCRAP), hitherto used for complete population transfer between two quantum states, offers a simple and robust method for complete population transfer amongst three states in atoms and molecules. In this case SCRAP uses three laser pulses: a strong far-off-resonant pulse modifies the transition frequencies by inducing dynamic Stark shifts and thereby creating time-dependent level crossings amongst the three diabatic states, while near-resonant and moderately strong pump and Stokes pulses, appropriately offset in time, drive the population between the initial and final states via adiabatic passage. The population transfer efficiency is robust to variations in the intensities of the lasers, as long as these intensities are sufficiently large to enforce adiabatic evolution. With suitable pulse timings the population in the (possibly decaying) intermediate state can be minimized, as with stimulated Raman adiabatic passage (STIRAP). This technique applies to one-photon as well as multiphoton transitions and it is also applicable to media exhibiting inhomogeneous broadening; these features represent clear advantages over STIRAP by overcoming the inevitable dynamical Stark shifts that accompany multiphoton transitions as well as unwanted detunings, e.g., induced by Doppler shifts.
The stark-chirped rapid adiabatic passage (SCRAP) is analyzed, which can give a complete transfer of atomic or molecular population between two bound states in the two level states and Λ(-three)-level state, by means of level-crossing technique and dressed states theory. SCRAP uses two laser pulses: a nearly-resonant pump laser pulse drives the population between a ground state and an excited state, and an intense far-off-resonance Stark laser pulse modifies the transition frequency and resonates with the Bohr transition frequency for two level crossings. A population-transfer maximal efficiency approaching unity is provided from the ground state to the excited state, when the delay of the Stark-shifting pulse with respect to the pulse of the coupling-laser frequency is appropriate and guarantees the pump pulse is strong at one of these crossings and is weak at second one.
Aim The Stark-chirped rapid adiabatic passage(SCRAP) is studied in a Λ-three-level states system.Methods Level-crossing technique and dressed states theory are used.Results SCRAP uses chiefly an intense far off resonance Stark laser pulse,which modifies the transition frequency and resonates with the Bohr transition frequency for two level crossings.Conclusion A population-transfer maximal efficiency approaching unity is provided from the ground state to the excited state,when the delay of the Stark-shifting pulse is strong at one of these crossings and is weak at second one.