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Journal of the Optical Society of America B

Population transfer and generation of arbitrary superpositions of quantum states in a four-level system using a single-chirped laser pulse

Zhenhua Zhang, Xihua Yang, Xiaona Yan

Published Mar 22, 2013• 17 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We propose a scheme for coherent control of population transfer and arbitrary superpositions of quantum states by a single-chirped laser pulse in a Λ-type excited-doublet four-level system. It is shown that selective, efficient, and robust population transfer from the initial state to the target states (excited or ground) can be achieved via chirped adiabatic passage when the pulse bandwidth is smaller than about 1/10 of the energy separations between the excited-doublet levels and between the ground states. Moreover, arbitrary coherent superpositions between the excited-doublet states, or between the higher ground state and either of the excited-doublet states, can be created by appropriately tuning the chirp rate and detuning the laser field. The proposed flexible method of coherent control of population transfer and arbitrary superpositions between the initially unpopulated states requires only a single pulse, and is robust against variations in the laser parameters, which has potential applications in quantum information processing.

DOI
10.1364/josab.30.001017

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We propose a selective, efficient, and robust way to realize control of coherent population transfer in a $\ensuremath{\Lambda}$-type four-level system with a closely spaced doublet in the final state with time-separated chirped pump pulse and Stokes pulse pair by merging stimulated Raman adiabatic passage, temporal coherent control, and chirped adiabatic passage techniques. Moreover, an arbitrary coherent superposition between the final doublet, or between the intermediate state and either of the doublets can be created. This method holds the ability to ``control with control'' and has potential applications in coherent control of chemical reactions and quantum information processing.
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Abstract We demonstrate a simple way to realize control of population transfer and creation of two orthogonal maximally superposition states in a Λ-type four-level system with closely spaced doublet target states via a pair of pump and chirped Stokes pulses. It is illustrated that the population in the initial state can be selectively, completely and robustly transferred to either of the doublet target states via chirped adiabatic passage with the suitable chirp rate and frequency detuning of the Stokes pulse. Besides, creation of two orthogonal maximally superposition states between the initial state and intermediate state with equal amplitude but inverse relative phases is also shown, which may have potential applications in the preparations of quantum bits.
Traditional schemes for coherent population transfer or generation of coherent superposition states in multilevel atoms or molecules usually utilize two or more laser beams with radiation bandwidth smaller than the frequency interval between the working levels. We show the possibility of creation of the coherent superposition of three metastable states of a four-level atom with tripodlike level structure using a single short frequency-chirped laser pulse. The bandwidth of the pulse envelope (without chirp) must be comparable to or exceed the frequency distance between the two metastable levels. No appreciable excitation of the atom takes place during the creation of the coherent superposition state, thus diminishing significantly the effect of decoherence due to the spontaneous decay of the excited state. The proposed method of creation of superposition states is robust against variations in the laser pulse parameters. Since this method does not require maintaining steady resonance with the atomic transitions (owing to the frequency chirp of the laser pulse), it is effective both in homogeneously and inhomogeneously broadened media.
We present a way to realize selective, robust, and efficient population transfer in a ladder-type four-level system with an equally populated doublet in the initial state. By merging stimulated Raman adiabatic passage and chirped adiabatic passage techniques, we show that selective and complete population transfer from either of the initial doublet levels to the final state can be achieved with chirped pump and Stokes pulse pairs when the spectral resolution constraint of a frequency swept pulse holds (the energy separation of doublet levels should be much larger than the pulse bandwidth). We further demonstrate that the spectral resolution of selective population transfer can be enhanced significantly by using pump pulse pair and Stokes pulse due to temporal quantum interference between the sequential transitions in the time domain, which can also be well followed as a result of the frequency-domain formation of a comblike structure of the pulse pair spectrum. The proposals take into account the case of population transfer in realistic atomic and molecular systems, and may have applications in quantum coherent control of systems with equally populated initial manifolds.