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Spectroscopy Letters

Comments on the Photon Echoes

А. В. Алексеев, U. Kh. Kopvillem

Published Jan 1, 1976• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

The coherent light pulses obtained in the experiments of light echoes type [1] (as induction and echoes signals) and generated by the electric dipole system bring the information about the dynamical properties of the dipole system and are used for the registration of that information. As to the dynamics of the emitted photons them-selves at the present time the effects of pulse form changing [2] and self-induced transperancy [3] caused by the photon system interaction with the matter were taken into consideration only. In this work we discuss the memory effects of the system of photons itself spreading into the vacuum. The discussed effect is the method of the space-time coherence re-establishment of the laser radiation on the basis of application the effect which we called the photon echoes. The point of the method is in the plural reflection of electromagnetic radiation from the mirrors which gives the steady-state conditions of the electromagnetic wave spreading and is caused by diffraction. In itself the steady-state conditions of the electromagnetic wave spreading denote that the mutual intensity function J(n)(x1, x2) is not dependent of the X1 and x2 coordinates if the n is sufficiently large (it is the factorisation condition of the mutual intensity function), and as it was shown in the work [4] the

DOI
10.1080/00387017608062742

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The coherent light pulses obtained in the experiments of light echoes type [1] (as induction and echoes signals) and generated by the electric dipole system bring the information about the dynamical properties of the dipole system and are used for the registration of that information. As to the dynamics of the emitted photons them-selves at the present time the effects of pulse form changing [2] and self-induced transperancy [3] caused by the photon system interaction with the matter were taken into consideration only. In this work we discuss the memory effects of the system of photons itself spreading into the vacuum. The discussed effect is the method of the space-time coherence re-establishment of the laser radiation on the basis of application the effect which we called the photon echoes. The point of the method is in the plural reflection of electromagnetic radiation from the mirrors which gives the steady-state conditions of the electromagnetic wave spreading and is caused by diffraction. In itself the steady-state conditions of the electromagnetic wave spreading denote that the mutual intensity function J(n)(x1, x2) is not dependent of the X1 and x2 coordinates if the n is sufficiently large (it is the factorisation condition of the mutual intensity function), and as it was shown in the work [4] the
The increasing interest in the study of the interaction of several resonant fields with multilevel quantum systems is due to a wide range of possible applications of various effects observed in the multi-frequency excitation of quantum objects. Among them, we can note color echo holography, information compression in three-level environments, copying of quantum information, and multi-level quantum gates that perform logical operations. In addition, the recording and reproduction of echo holograms in multi-level systems leads to the possibility, along with logical operations, to perform a change in the real-time scale and the sequence of events in the echo-hologram response, the data on which were embedded into the temporal structure of the object laser pulse. The formation of optical transient processes in multilevel systems occurs when the short laser pulses separated in time and resonant of different frequency transitions at the substance have an effect on the system, so that their interaction with each other becomes possible only through the medium and only if the medium has a sufficiently long phase memory. In this situation, each laser pulse transmits information about its wave characteristics to the medium, and this information is retained here until the arrival of the next laser pulses. The formation of optical transient processes in a multilevel system in a solid depends essentially on the degree of correlation of the inhomogeneous broadening on different frequency transitions and different time intervals, in connection with the possible destruction of the reversible phase memory of the system due to a partial mutual fixation energies of transitions. The influence of external spatially inhomogeneous electric fields on the resonant medium can lead to an additional artificially created inhomogeneous broadening. In this case, it is possible to control the phase memory of the system by changing the parameters of external spatially inhomogeneous electric fields, and the most pronounced effect on phase memory is the case of laser excitation of narrow frequency regions of inhomogeneously broadened lines of the resonance transitions. Moreover, the artificially created inhomogeneous broadening by external spatially inhomogeneous electric fields due to the Stark effect can be comparable with the spread of frequencies due to a partial mutual fixation of the transition energies, which leads to a partial restoration of the coherence of the multilevel system. This effect can lead to an increase in the intensity of the response of the stimulated photon echo (SPE) in the three-level system, which is the opposite effect of photon echo locking.
The photon echo application for optical digital processing of discrete images by the method of managing operators was examined. Photon echo is the pulse of light which is emitted spontaneously from a system of atoms previously irradiated by two or more coherent light pulses with length and power of 102divided by10-1 ps and 104divided by105 kW, respectively. These systems of resonant atoms are crystals with various paramagnetic activators. By using photon echo, the resonant systems are able to store and retrieve wave-front and temporal form of one of the excitation pulses. The photon echo application for information processing allows one to solve a number of problems with high efficiency. Different photon echo generating conditions can be utilized practically in all processor components, which creates certain prospects for using this effect in optical computing purposes.
The interaction between an intense radiation field and atoms that undergo collisions in an atomic vapor is studied. With the assumption that velocity-changing collisions are state independent and weak, we obtain an analytic expression for the time-dependent density-matrix elements by solving a quantum-mechanical transport equation using a dressed-state approach. Our analytical calculation is used to predict the form of the signal in an extended-pulse photon echo. The results show good agreement with an experiment carried out by Yodh et al. [Phys. Rev. Lett. 53, 659 (1984)]. It is found that the decay rate of the echo signal decreases rapidly with increasing duration of the second pulse in the pulse excitation sequence. A comparison between theory and experiment is presented and a physical interpretation of the results is given.
Abstract The general results of constructing and modeling the photon wave function in the coordinate representation in the framework of quantum mechanics are presented in order to explain single-photon interference phenomena, in particular Young’s experiment. The relevance of this function is emphasized in connection with modern single-photon and two-photon experiments. The necessity of replacing the explanation of obtaining coherent light sources using the concept of a train of supposedly real electromagnetic waves emitted by one atom, by the conditional emission by this atom of the photon wave function in the coordinate representation, which then experiences diffraction and interference, is substantiated. A single-photon wave function is simulated based on the consideration of the electric dipole radiation of an atom in classical electrodynamics, and a conclusion is drawn on the possibility to explain Young’s experiment. It is argued that although the photon wave function (as well as of particles having mass) is not a physical object, the application of this function significantly weakens the problem of wave-particle duality of light. It is assumed the “nature” of this function reflects the properties of a physical vacuum, but new experiments are required to clarify it.